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EN
The author used phonetic material from the Polish language spoken by the working clews (and farmers) of Polish origin living in the Midlands and nor­thern parts of England.
EN
The paper analyses family names in the former district of Brzeziny (284 villages, 3 towns: Brzeziny, Koluszki, Stryków); The study covered 94 200 na­mes, giving 5515 name entries. The material covers mainly the 19th and the 20th centuries. The analysis of morphological structure of the names shows the percentage and number of individual formatives in their productivity (cf. Tab. 1). The author has pointed out their occurrence and regularity and their onomastic connections with Wielkopolska, Mazowsze and partly Małopolska. The analysis shows that the process of suffix derivation is dominant here, both in forma derived from proper nouns and from consaon nouns. Basic forms constitute 27% of all names (1494 names). The most common type of derived names is -ski. The formatives -ski, -cki and the expanded morpheme -in-//-yn-, -ew-//-ow-, -an make 1899 names i.e. 45.9* of derivatives. The derivations from apellative forms with the format­ive -ski (and the expanded morphemes) have been dominant in towns: Brzeziny (47.3%), Koluszki (51.4%), Stryków (52.3%), Jeżów (55.16%), Będków (43.2%), Ujazd (46.7%). There are 1203 nones with the basic -k- in the suffix (i.e. 3o% of derived names). The derivatives with -ak, -ek, -lk//-yk, -сгук have been the most numerous in the study.
EN
The author presentes here the specific character of Australian onoma­ stics from the semantic point of view. Australian onomatology is still a live process, a process in statu nascendi (excluding Aboriginal toponymies). The material analysed in the paper has been selected from various oncoastic works, indexes of topographic names, Australian Encyclopaedia and many maga­ zine articles. The paper presents the development of semantic types and gi­ves many examples of toponyms, sometimes hydronyms within the boundaries of a given state. There is a large portion of commemorative names after famous discoverers, explorers and travellers. Many names commemorate ruling royal families. Oth­ers originated from the names of governors and high-rank officials, names of national heroes, captains and officers of ships, secretaries of state, surgeons, bishops, first settlers and even fiction characters. Many names had been borrowed from places on other continents. Local names of apellative stems are not so numerously represented as the names discussed. There are also many Aboriginal names which are not etymologically clear. They are very often concurrent with European names. There are also a number of Anglo-Aboriginal hybrids.
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