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Goździk kosmaty Diathus armeria L. na Pogórzu Cieszyńskim (południowa Polska)

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Beczała T., Chmura D.
Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering
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2024
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vol. 7(27)
56-62
EN
Deptford pink Dianthus armeria L. is a representative of Caryophyllaceae family. It is plant species that is strictly protected since 2014. In the local Red List for the Silesian Province it was considered an endangered species. During 2023-2024 fieldwork was done that aimed to update the list of the localities of this species in the Cieszyn Foothills region. The locality was marked on the map using methodological assumptions of Atlas of Distribution of Vascular Plants in Poland. The density of population was counted or estimated. As a result of the field studies in the study area 9 localities (a total of 17 local populations) of Dianthus armeria were found in grassland, meadow, fringe and ruderal communities. Totally 8 localities were new to this area. Only localities from Tuł Mt has been known earlier. There were also the highest abundance of population, estimated at 600-700 individuals but population contain several small populations that amounting from tens to several hundreds of plants. Two populations are in Cisownica village and they occupy slopes of two local mountains: Kopieniec Mt (475 m a.s.l.) and Malcowa Mt (510 m a.s.l.). In Cieszyn population grows close to the nature reserve “Kopce”, and ecological use are “Łąki na kopcach”. In Leszna Górna village populations occupy xerothermic grasslands. The other situation is Górki Wielkie where the species grows in ruderal habitats: levees along Brennica river and in the vicinity of market. The other human-made habitats which were grown by Dianthus armeria were found in Puńców. These ones were abandoned quarry of dolomites and the vicinity of sports field but close to the fring of oak-hornbeam forest. In general, the population in the Cieszyn Foothills, size ranged from a few individuals to approximately several hundred. The lack of accurate data from previous years does not allow to assess the dynamics of the distribution and abundance of this species. Based on the general trends of Dianthus armeria in Poland, the population status appears to be satisfactory.
2
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Wpływ ekranów akustycznych na śmiertelność ptaków na przykładzie Bielska-Białej

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Adamczyk M., Chmura D.
Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering
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2023
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vol. 5(25)
32-40
EN
The studies on bird mortality along 12 transparent acoustic barriers near roads in Bielsko-Biala (Poland) were conducted from March to October in 2017. The aim was to characterize avifauna striking glass barriers and to relate frequency of collisions to time, developmental stage, sex, vicinity of noise barrier. During the breeding season of birds, 102 collisions of birds with screens, belonging to 25 species, were found. The most collisions were found in June, when 29 victims were observed. In this month, the largest number of juveniles (imm.) was also determined - 17 victims, the lowest number of collisions was at the end of the breeding season (September and October), where the number of collisions did not exceed 7 victims. The largest family of birds hitting the screens are Paridae, which account for as much as 31.4% of all victims. The largest number of collisions occurred with the participation of adults (ad - 68.) while 34 were young victims. The most active young birds were in June, when 17 collision victims were found. From the side of the road, as many as 60 fatalities were observed, while from the other side of the habitats - 42. As for the sex of individuals, most probably there were males (42), and there were 28 females. We conclude that acoustic screens should have nontransparent: stickers, stripes, dots, foils or be replaced by greening walls or earth embankments.
3
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Nowe stanowisko kruszczyka sinego Epipactis purpurata Sm. na terenie rezerwatu przyrody „Skarpa Wiślicka” na Pogórzu Śląskim

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Beczała T., Chmura D.
Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering
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2025
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vol. 9(29)
33-38
EN
Epipactis purpurata Sm., is a rare orchid species in Poland, classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the Polish Red List of Ferns and Flowering Plants and as Rare (R) on the Red List of Plants and Fungi of Poland. It is strictly protected and considered one of the most endangered orchids in the country. Morphologically, it is a perennial herb reaching 20–80 cm in height, with a purplish stem and pale pink flowers. It typically blooms from mid-July to September, making it one of the latest-flowering orchids in Poland. In August 2013, two shoots of E. purpurata were discovered in the “Skarpa Wiślicka” nature reserve, located in the Silesian Foothills. This reserve, established in 1996 and covering 29.03 ha, is part of the Natura 2000 network due to its active tufa formation processes. The area is a forested island within an agricultural landscape and has been the subject of botanical research since the 1930s. In July 2024, a follow-up survey confirmed the presence of a new population of E. purpurata in forest compartment 74c of the reserve, approximately 350 meters south of the 2013 site. Five flowering individuals were found in a patch of subcontinental hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum). The confirmed site belongs to the DF91 square according to the vascular plant distribution grid in Poland. This finding highlights the importance of continued botanical monitoring in the Silesian Foothills, especially given the region’s dynamic land-use changes and urbanization pressures. Authors also highlight the need to update records of rare and protected plant species to support effective conservation strategies.
4
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Nowe stanowiska jemioły pospolitej jodłowej Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (WIESB.) JANCH. na Pogórzu Śląskim i w północnej części Beskidu Śląskiego

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Beczała T., Jonderko T., Chmura D.
Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering
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2022
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vol. 3(23)
21-27
EN
The semiparasitic plant common fir mistletoe Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (WIESB.) JANCH is the rarest of three subspecies in Poland. In the country this mistletoe has northern border of distribution range. The previous literature data suggested that the subspecies has only few localities in the Silesian Foothils and in northern part of the Silesian Beskid Mts (southern Poland) and in addition, some of them were not confirmed. Mistletoe Viscum album subsp. abietis has been reported to increase its range and abundance in Europe recently therefore authors decided to update the distribution data of the subspecies the aforementioned area. The data about distribution of host tree silver fir Picea abies was taken from forest database and from personal communication with foresters. The area was search to find localities of the individuals on trees. In case of the single specimens on fir trees binoculars were used. In total 39 localities were given including more than 30 new localities when compared to literature data from 20th century. In Silesian Foothils there are 20 localities and 19 stands in the Silesian Beskid Mts. On the localities the abundance of individuals ranged from single plants on one tree to massive infestation of several dozen of fir trees. The common fir mistletoe distribution seems to be an underestimated in the southern part of the Silesian Voivodeship, it is highly probable that its next localities will be found in nearest future. Despite the category endangered “EN” in the Red Book of Plants of the Silesian Voivodship the species is not threatened anymore. On the contrary it becomes to pose a serious threat to silver fir because it can contribute to decline of trees. During the massive infestation of firs by mistletoe, fir trees often die gradually. The obtained new information will allow for a better recognition of the current species distribution and a possible revision of the threat category of common fir mistletoe in the territory of Silesian Voivodeship. For a more detailed analysis of the degree of expansion of this species, it would be advisable to examine the number of individuals and study the development of mistletoe over time on the host on randomly selected trees.
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