Целью данной статьи является привлечение внимания к возможности анализа дебютного романа Юрия Домбровского под названием "Державин" с использованием методов и инструментов, разработанных на основе постколониальных теорий и исследований, в частности на основе метафоры "внутренней колонизации", разработанной Александром Эткиндом. Построенное Домбровским пространство, время и место действия произведения и, прежде всего, силуэт главного героя, дают возможность изучить связи между властью и художественным текстом.
EN
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na możliwość analizy debiutanckiej powieści Jurija Dombrowskiego pt. "Dzierżawin" z wykorzystaniem metod i narzędzi wypracowanych na gruncie teorii i badań postkolonialnych, w szczególności w oparciu o metaforę "kolonizacji wewnętrznej" opracowaną przez Aleksandra Etkinda. Skonstruowana przez Dombrowskiego przestrzeń; czas i miejsce akcji utworu i, przede wszystkim, sylwetka głównego bohatera, dają możliwość badania powiązań pomiędzy władzą i tekstem literackim.
PL
This article aims to draw attention to the possibility of analyzing Yury Dombrovsky’s debut novel Derzhavin using methods and tools developed on the ground of postcolonial theory and research, in particular, based on the metaphor of „internal colonization” developed by Alexander Etkind. Dombrovsky’s construction of the space, time and place of the piece of work’s action and, above all, the main character’s silhouette provide an opportunity to explore the links between power and literary text.
Universal space of war in Oleg Yermakov's Sign of the beast In his clearly pacifistic and anti-war book, a contemporary Russian writer Oleg Yermakov projects such an image of war which at a mythological level could be compared to the vision of hell. The main topic of the book is signalled through its title and motto, taken from the Book of Revelation (14:11): “And the smoke of their torment will rise for ever and ever. There will be no rest day or night for those who worship the beast and its image”. The beast found in the novel is a personification of war, which in the writer’s view is unhuman and pointless. By combining in his writing visual and acoustic effects, as well as by making use of biblical symbols, Yermakov creates a universal space of evil. The space mentioned is composed of ideas of emptiness, ideological void, world without God, death, recurrence of phenomena which bears the signs of eternity, endlessness. The universal nature of the problem discussed was signalled through setting the plot in unspecified space and time. Anonymity and typicality are the dominant features. The writer is concerned with human reaction to evil, degradation of personality of one consciously taking part in war, the notion of complicity, and responsibility for one’s actions. Key words: Oleg Jermakow; Sign of the beast; space; war; evil; biblical symbols;
This article presents the thesis that the novel The ape is coming to pick up its skull (1943) by Yuri Dombrovsky bears the genre features of a pamphlet and the structure of the novel, which is subordinated to a didactic purpose – the work contains a warning against the dehumanization and degradation of culture. The novel aims to ridicule the fascists and their ideology. The narrator’s attitude towards all the fascist protagonists is dominated by irony and sarcasm. The character construction of the fascists is ruled by schematism. The narrator emphasizes the animal element in them. They are compared to an ape who is a caricature hybrid of a human and a monkey. The “monkey” traits and behaviours are highlighted in their portraits. In the novel, the dialogues and disputes of the main opponents serve to expose the cynical demagogy of fascism and its inability to create any universal values.
Monika Knurowska Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny, Kraków, Poland PRZ.RUS@op.pl EKLEKTYZM RELIGIJNY W PROZIE LUDMIŁY ULICKIEJ Streszczenie Jedną z charakterystycznych cech prozy Ludmiły Ulickiej jest eklektyzm religijny. Jego istota polega na tym, że pisarka próbuje z elementów różnych tradycji religijnych (w szczególności chrześcijaństwa i judaizmu) i norm etycznych stworzyć pewną uniwersalną hierarchię wartości moralnych, obowiązujących w relacjach międzyludzkich.Ulicka, kreśląc portrety bohaterów poszukujących tożsamości religijnej i sensu życia, tworzy określoną koncepcję człowieka, w której kładzie nacisk na duchowy wymiar jego egzystencji, a jednocześnie na wagę i znaczenie norm etycznych i religijnych w literaturze. RELIGIOUS ECLECTICISM IN THE PROSE OF LUDMILA ULITSKAYA Summary one of the unique features of Ludmila Ulitskaya’s prose is religious eclecticism. Its essence lies in the author’s aspiration to create a certain universal hierarchy of moral values and ethical standards, governing interhuman relationships, from elements of various religious traditions (Christianity and Judaism in particular).Sketching the portraits of her protagonists in search of their religious identity and sense of life, Ulitskaya creates a specific concept of man wherein she puts emphasis on the spiritual dimension of human existence and, at the same time, stresses the importance and significance of ethical and religious standards in literature.
This article is an attempt at the analysis of the corporality theme in the stories of the contemporary Russian writer Ludmila Ulitskaya. Holding a qualification in biology and genetics, Ulitskaya courageously introduces into her works such dimensions of human biological existence as sexuality, labour, menstruation or terminal disease. Mysterious incurable diseases, borderline situations, initiations, moments of crisis or breakthrough are standard components of her literary world. The corporal dimension of human life appears to be an inexhaustible source of truth about the characters’ spiritual condition as philosophical and metaphysical meanings are hidden under the layer of their biological existence. The writer effectively proves that Man is a sum of ‘the biological’ and ‘the spiritual’. In her writings the corporality becomes a universal code, provoking the everlasting and most difficult human questions of the sense of life, suffering, old age and death.
„Szczęśliwi ludzie”. Obraz artysty w cyklu szkiców Jurija Dombrowskiego Гонцы Przedmiotem refleksji w niniejszym artykule jest obraz artysty w ujęciu Jurija Dombrowskiego. Pisarz uważał artystów i, szerzej, twórców kultury, za „ludzi szczęśliwych”. Szczęście dla artysty w jego pojęciu to posiadanie talentu, możliwość rozwoju, uczestnictwo w kulturze. Podjęta została także próba udowodnienia, że bohaterowie zbioru szkiców Гонцы są bliscy Dombrowskiemu jako artyście i człowiekowi ze względu na stosunek do sztuki, kultury i sposób postrzegania świata. „Happy people”. The artist’s image in a series of sketches by Jurij Dombrowski Гонцы A matter of reflection in this article is the artist’s image in Jurij Dombrowski’s perspective. The writer considered artists and, more broadly, the culture’s creators as “happy people”. In his point of view, the happiness for artists would be having talent, development opportunities and participation in the culture. Also attempt of proving that the characters in Гонцы essays collection are close to Dombrowski as an artist and human, given his attitude to art, culture and his worldview, has been made.
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