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Conceptualization and Practical Dimensions of Social Welfare: Fundamental Perspectives and New Challenges

100%
Tzagkarakis S. I.
Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne
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2023
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vol. XXXII
185-199
EN
Social welfare is a vital aspect of modern democracies, encompassing development, ideas, and public policy implementation. This study focuses on the theoretical foundations and practical dimensions of social welfare, aiming to understand its conceptual background and address contemporary challenges. Analyzing the relationship between social welfare and the concept of “need,” the study highlights the role of welfare policies in meeting essential requirements. It further explores the connection between social welfare, poverty, and social exclusion, emphasizing the need to combat marginalization through effective policies. The study delves into the interdependence of social welfare with economic development and growth, emphasizing their mutual reliance. It also examines the link between social welfare and social rights, advocating the combination of universal and selective policies to achieve welfare for all. Moreover, the study addresses emerging challenges such as digitization, robotization, and the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the importance of social investment and active policy implementation to adapt to new circumstances. The aim is to strike a balance between theoretical foundations, philosophical relationships, and practical solutions, ensuring that fundamental values are upheld while addressing contemporary needs. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of social welfare by bridging theoretical parameters with practical policies. It underscores the importance of implementing relevant social policies to achieve social welfare and emphasizes the need to adapt social policies to evolving challenges.
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The “April” Dictatorship’s Policy in Universities and Students’ Activism and Resistance against the Dictatorship, in Greece

63%
Papadakis N., Tzagkarakis S. I.
Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne
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2024
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vol. XXXIII
307-328
EN
This paper analyzes the main components, ideological features and practices that constitute the (overall) educational and specifically, the higher education policy of the “April” Dictatorship in Greece (1967–1974). The analysis of the relevant research material shows that this policy was characterized by: • the intention to redefine the relations of the Universities with the (“occupied”) State, • the coordinated effort to insert specific ideological authoritarian interpretations in the discourses and policies for higher education and consequently, in the reform efforts of the Dictatorship, • the institutionalization of a new economy of power based on control technologies which favored the formation of (ideologically over-determined) discipline and extended state intervention into every aspect of the Higher Education Institutions, • the construction of a surveillance, punishment, control and discipline framework, strictly demarcated and authoritarian. Simultaneously, the above-mentioned policy aimed a) at the extensive criminalization of behavior, as well as of the “non-nationalistic” and ideologically “un-orthodox” thinking in universities and in other Educational Institutions, b) at the reduction of any degree of teaching staff and students autonomy, and c) at the promotion of some alleged-ostensible, seemingly “liberal”, measures and proposals. The ultimate objective was both these specific measures and the overall (authoritarian) higher education policy to become feasible (legitimizing-permissible strategy) and subsequently implemented. In addition, students’ (persistent, influential and multi-level) resistance (at the level of both discourse and political action) to the higher education “reforms” attempted by the April Dictatorship, as well as against the Dictatorship per se and subsequently against the state and constitutional infringement, will be also analytically examined and contextualized.
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The Greek Welfare State under Permanent Strain: Transformations, Reforms and Pressures

63%
Tzagkarakis S. I., Kotroyannos D.
Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne
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2022
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vol. XXXI
125-141
EN
The Greek welfare state has faced multidimensional crises from the first period of its existence until now. From the traditional unstable democratic and institutional context to the financial crisis, which exacerbated social problems, and from the latter to the pandemic, which posed challenges for the immediate handling of the health needs as well as long term necessities for measures in order to address the economic shortcomings of the pandemic, the Greek welfare state has been in a permanent strain. This study aims to present the main historical as well as contemporary challenges of the Greek welfare state and to draw some conclusions about its role in the post-covid era as well as to emphasize the main directions in order to address old and new social problems, always with reference to relative empirical data.
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