The author attempts to answer the question: ‘which actions may be taken by a Deputy under Article 19(1) of the Act on the Exercise of the Mandate of a deputy or Senator in relation to companies with State shareholdings’. He provides an analysis of the following phrases ‘the right to obtain information and materials’, ‘the right to enter the premises where the information and materials are kept’ and ‘the right to inspect the activities’. As a consequence of the analysis, the author proposes that a narrowing interpretation of rights resulting from Article 19 of the Act must be adopted, and points to the need for ‘restraint in the exercise of rights specified in Article 19’, particularly ‘the right to inspect the activities’.
The Bill aims at, inter alia, improvement of transparency in terms of organisation of Polish sport associations and prevention of conflict of interests by putting additional limitations on members of sport unions’ management boards. Furthermore the definition of sport should include intellectual activities whose goal is to achieve a sport result. According to the author of the opinion the latter solution is too vague and may lead to broadening the definition of sport in an uncontrolled manner, encompassing a wider selection of human activities than the sponsor of the bill aimed to do. Moreover, the Council’s project classifies members of sport unions’ management boards as public servants what stays in contradiction to the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal. The changes of provisions proposed in the bill require a deeper analysis and clarifying.
The Act on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism does not include provisions concerning strictly the retail sale of alcohol via Internet. The author considers that, based on provisions concerning stationary shops (required permits, the closed list of types of shops allowed to sell alcohol), the interpretation prohibiting the sale of alcohol online should be considered appropriate. A similar view can be found in the rulings of the Supreme Administrative Court.
The opinion states that suing the State Treasury of a local government unit is possible in case of failure to enact relevant provisions required by: the Constitution, statutes, the European Union rules and ratified international agreements. Additionally, suing local government unities is possible in case of the lack or an abandonment of the control regarding compliance with the provisions by citizens and economic entities. Legal basis for filling such a claim are provisions of the Civil Code.
In the opinion it was stressed that the current statute does not use a progressive method, which reflects in a better way the relationship between the employee’s financial situation and the extent of burdens related to the proceedings. Secondly, the demarcation sum set at PLN 50,000 has not been synchronized with rules determining the value of the claim. After an analysis the author concludes that the solution proposed in the petition could be taken into account in the development of an amendment to the current regulation.
Real estate owners, whose right to use the property was infringed or heavily restricted, are entitled to request: compensation, buyout of the real estate or access to a replaceable real estate. These claims shall be subject to a limitation period. In a situation where a development plan of a given plot of land predicts a public road, the owner of that real estate is also entitled to compensation for a plot separated for the construction of the road which ex lege becomes a property of local self-government units. The claim is not subject to a limitation period.
This paper describes the rules for conscience clause applying to doctors and nurses in German law. German legal system provides the right to refuse to participate in carrying out abortions. It is available not only to doctors but also to those who might be involved in the abortion procedure as well. The legal system also provides the right to refuse to participate in treatment of embryos.
The subject of the opinion is the issue of complaint regaring payment services in relation to an incorrect operation of an ATM. It was found that the complaint and possible claims related to an improper course of transactions using the ATM should be addressed to the bank that issued a given payment card. It was noted that as a part of the complaint procedure the bank cannot provide a client with a video recording from the camera located in the ATM, but is required to present such recordings upon a request of law enforcement authorities or as evidence in civil proceedings
The opinion analyzes selected legal problems related to the prohibition of photographing objects of particular importance for the security or defense of the state, introduced in the Act on Homeland Defence. The author points out that the failure of the Minister of Defence to issue a regulation that specifies the procedure for issuing permits for photographing such objects prevents the application of regulations prohibiting their photography. It is also indicated that military units may be classified, as objects of particular importance for the security or defense of the state, objects of the Ministry of National Defence or objects of critical infrastructure. The author believes that, crucial to the ability to enforce the prohibition of photography of a particular object is necessary to mark it with a sign prohibiting photography. A potential problem in the application of the prohibition of photography provisions may be the vagueness of the regulations designating the entity authorized to decide on the prohibition. The opinion also describes the jurisdiction of the Police and Military Police to prosecute perpetrators of such offenses, as well as the subject matter jurisdiction of common and military courts to adjudicate the indicated cases.
In the opinion of the authors, employment as the director of the Centre for Culture and Libraries is not covered by the principle of incompatibility, the violation of which results in the expiry of the Deputy’s mandate. However, it is not permissible to combine a Deputy’s mandate with employment on such a post due to a prohibition resulting from the provisions of the Act on the Exercise of the Mandate of a Deputy and Senator. In the event of not resigning from that post, the Deputy will lose it by law three months after taking the Deputy’s oath.
The authors of the opinion comprehensively discuss the agreement concluded by the European Union, European Atomic Energy Community and the United Kingdom on the terms of trade and cooperation after Brexit and the agreement concluded between the European Union and the United Kingdom concerning security procedures for exchanging and protecting classified information. They present the provisions of individual parts of the agreements, regulating the issues of trade, fisheries, coordination of social systems, customs, visas, law enforcement cooperation and cybersecurity. They assess the impact of the implementation of the agreements. The authors positively assess the wide range of regulations. In their opinion they will reduce the negative effects of Brexit. However they identify some of their shortcomings that need to be removed.
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