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1

COMMUNITARIAN PHILOSOPHY AND TOCQUEVILLE (Filozofia komunitarianizmu i Tocqueville)

100%
Zaleski P.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2010
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vol. 9
|
issue 3(28)
397-407
EN
Small mistakes in the English translation appear significant enough to force us to think that Tocqueville understood the term 'civil society' in a completely different way than his contemporaries, i.e., Hegel and Marx. In their works, civil society as bourgeois or market society was a sphere of economic activity, 'system of needs' fulfilling the desires of consumers through work of producers. Misunderstanding of Tocqueville stems from the long tradition of mistakes in English translations and the lack of a concept of 'civil law company' in the Anglo-Saxon world, corresponding to the 'German Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts' - imposed upon whole continental Europe by Bonaparte with his Civil Code. To get out of semantic confusion is to take that Tocqueville, while writing about civil(ian) associations, thought rather of business companies than nongovernmental organizations. Contemporary appropriation of Tocqueville's work by communitarians as apologists of a third sector is ungrounded and mistaken. Tocqueville was writing about America in liberal rather than republican spirit.
2

Tönnies i spoleczenstwo cywilne: Zródla nowoczesnej koncepcji spoleczenstwa

100%
Zaleski P.
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
|
2011
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vol. 7
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issue 2
72-83
EN
While reading a Polish translation of Community and Society of Ferdinand Tönnies one may conclude that it is associationism that constitutes the main attribute of modern society. It is so because translator decided to write about association instead of society in a place of a word Gesellschaft. However, closer lecture makes one come to the conclusion that in his book Tönnies referred not only to the society but to a special kind of society - a civil society, that was also described as an economic society. According to Tönnies it is not associationism but economic activity that is a main attribute of the modern society.
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