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Współpraca Chin z krajami Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w ramach inicjatywy 16+1 – perspektywa niemiecka

100%
Ciesielska-Klikowska J.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2018
|
issue 2(367)
175-192
EN
Cooperation between China and Germany is becoming increasingly difficult because of China’s growing activity on the European continent. Berlin is aware of the need to create a common EU policy toward China and therefore seeks opportunities to build one in a situation of deepening cooperation between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Germany perceives the 16+1 cooperation as a means of securing a larger number of Chinese investments in Europe and its broader neighborhood. However, Berlin is disturbed about the potential of the initiative as it can contribute to a deterioration of the EU’s investment principles and diminish the political unity of those member states which seek Chinese investments. Moreover, the Chinese initiative to advance cooperation with the countries of Eastern and Central Europe is seen in Berlin as an attempt to weaken Germany’s position as an advocate of the interests of Eastern and Central European countries on the European and global arena.
2
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Interest groups in shaping Germany’s foreign policy towards China

100%
Ciesielska-Klikowska J.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2023
|
issue 3 (387)
35-69
EN
The purpose of this article is to explore the multi-faceted dynamics of interest groups in the process of shaping Germany’s foreign policy toward China. The analysis focuses on understanding the role of various interest groups and their influence on decision-making, as well as showing the complexity and implications of this influence in the context of a democratic society. The main thrust of the text is to understand how various interest groups in Germany influence its foreign policy toward China, particularly in the context of mutual economic benefits and the development of political relations. The study focuses on identifying key interest groups and analysing the mechanisms and implications of their impact on decision-making processes. The text poses several research hypotheses: 1) interest groups, such as business associations, research institutes and think tanks, the mass media and the general public, as well as the Chinese diaspora in Germany, play a significant role in shaping Germany’s foreign policy towards China; 2) the mechanisms of interest groups’ influence stem from their ability to channel social interests into the political system and take advantage of institutional opportunities for participation; 3) the varying distribution of power among competing interest groups in Germany, may be explained by indicating that power is not concentrated within a small privileged elite but is rather fragmented among different groups. The role of expert knowledge, the importance of the Chinese diaspora and the interest of the public and the media are all significant factors. The article uses literature analysis and qualitative research based on expert interviews with academics, researchers, think tank representatives, and government officials. These interviews provide valuable information on the mechanisms of interest groups’ effect on German foreign policy. The article demonstrates that interest groups play an important role in shaping Germany’s foreign policy toward China and that this influence results from their capacity to represent public interests and take advantage of institutional opportunities for participation, which is consistent with the liberal paradigm of international relations. A pluralist perspective on analysis emphasizes the importance of competitive politics and citizen participation in decision-making processes. Maintaining democratic integrity and transparency in Germany’s international operations requires an understanding of these complex relationships.
3
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German Chinapolitik in the Era of the Belt and Road Initiative

100%
Ciesielska-Klikowska J.
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
|
2019
|
issue 1
141-160
EN
The German-Chinese relations have significantly intensified over the last years. As part of the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (since 2013), China strives to strengthen its relations with the Federal Republic of Germany, using them as an alternative to the deteriorating transatlantic relations. Germany is now to be the main partner in the promotion of free trade, climate protection and the construction of a multipolar world. For this purpose, the PRC puts away disputable issues in Sino-German relations, for example by speeding up the legalization of German political foundations in China. However, the intensification of these associations does not mean that there are no problems and rivalry on the political and economic levels. A huge challenge for Berlin has been in recent years, i.e. the issue of building a Chinese sphere of influence in Central and Eastern Europe through the 16+1 cooperation, the acquisition of strategic German enterprises and China’s investment activity in Africa. The article highlights Germany’s approach to selected problems in relations with China, analyzing the contemporary Chinapolitik. The text has been divided into several parts - in the first one, the author highlights the contemporary German-Chinese relations, then analyzes the critical fields of cooperation and competition (“16+1” Initiative, Chinese takeovers of German companies, competition in Africa) and completes the whole paper with a summary.
PL
Relacje niemiecko-chińskie na przestrzeni ostatnich lat uległy znacznej intensyfikacji. W ramach budowy Inicjatywy Pasa i Szlaku (od 2013 r.) Chiny dążą do wzmocnienia stosunków z Republiką Federalną Niemiec, budując je jako alternatywę dla pogarszających się relacji transatlantyckich. To Niemcy mają być obecnie ich głównym partnerem w promocji wolnego handlu, ochronie klimatu i budowie świata wielobiegunowego. W tym celu ChRL wygaszają kwestie sporne z RFN, np. przyspieszając legalizację niemieckich fundacji politycznych w Chinach. Nasilenie relacji chińsko-niemieckich nie oznacza jednak braku występowania problemów i pól rywalizacji na płaszczyznach politycznych i gospodarczych. Ogromnym wyzwaniem dla Berlina pozostaje w ostatnich latach m.in. kwestia budowy chińskiej strefy wpływów w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej poprzez format współpracy 16+1, problem przejmowania strategicznych przedsiębiorstw niemieckich, a także chińska aktywność inwestycyjna w Afryce. Artykuł naświetla podejście Niemiec do wybranych problemów w relacjach z ChRL, analizując współczesną Chinapolitik. Tekst podzielony został na kilka części – w pierwszej z nich autorka naświetla współczesne relacje niemiecko-chińskie, następnie analizuje pola krytyczne współpracy i rywalizacji zarazem (inicjatywa 16+1, chińskie przejęcia strategicznych firm w Niemczech, współzawodnictwo w Afryce), by zakończyć całość podsumowaniem.
4
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Wspólna Polityka Zagraniczna, Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony z perspektywy Berlina – o zaangażowaniu Niemiec w proces wzmacniania politycznej roli Europy

100%
Ciesielska-Klikowska J.
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
|
2017
|
issue 1
67-81
PL
Artykuł omawia zaangażowanie Republiki Federalnej Niemiec w proces wzmacniania Wspólnej Polityki Zagranicznej, Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony Unii Europejskiej od wejścia w życie Traktatu Lizbońskiego do chwili obecnej. Po ukazaniu roli rządu w Berlinie w tym zakresie w ostatnich latach na scenie europejskiej, a także – na scenie międzynarodowej, autor wskazuje najważniejsze inicjatywy i strategie podejmowane oraz opracowywane przez administrację kanclerz Angeli Merkel, analizuje dyskusję nad kwestią wzmacniania niemieckiej pozycji w procesie integracji europejskiej na polu bezpieczeństwa oraz, jak sami Niemcy postrzegają swoje miejsce na arenie międzynarodowej.
EN
The article focuses on the commitment of the Federal Republic of Germany to the process of strengthening the Common Foreign, Security and Defence Policy of the European Union since the Lisbon Treaty has entered into force. Its aim is to show the role which the Berlin government has played in this issue in the recent years in the European arena, and also more broadly – internationally. The text highlights the key initiatives and strategies undertaken and developed by the administration of Chancellor Angela Merkel, analyses the debate over the issue of strengthening the German role in the process of European integration in the field of safety, and notes how Germans themselves perceive their place in the international arena.
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