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DETERMINANTS OF PRO-ECOLOGICAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES

100%

Kasztelan A.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

2007

issue 2(135)

117-127

The food industry is one of the most serious sources of environmental pollution in Poland. The process of production of food articles, which entails the use of various raw materials, various auxiliary materials and technologies, leads to the generation of a number of pollutants in the form of solid and liquid wastes, dusts and gases. It should be noted that the condition of the natural environment has a decisive meaning for the production of food and, in particular, for the quality of food because food free from chemical impurities can be produced only in an uncontaminated environment. It is an important task, therefore, to determine conditions which stimulate food processing enterprises to launch pro-ecological ventures, and to identify barriers encountered in the process of implementation of these ventures. In order to analyse the aspects presented above surveys covering food processing enterprises active in Lubelskie voivodeship were carried out in March-August 2006. The results of the conducted surveys proved that legal regulations pertaining to environmental protection had the strongest influence on the enterprises' decisions to launch pro-ecological efforts. In turn, the difficulties or barriers to the implementation of pro-ecological ventures most frequently indicated by the respondents were: problems with setting aside means needed to finance such investments, the necessity to pay back credits and loans drawn for the implementation of pro-ecological investments, and growth in the current cost of operation of newly installed devices serving the protection of the natural environment.

INVESTMENT OUTLAYS ON ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION BY FOOD AND TOBACCO INDUSTRIES IN POLAND AND SELECTED EU COUNTRIES

63%

Kasztelan A., Kierpecka-Kasztelan A.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

2005

issue 4(129)

124-138

One of the major sources of the natural environment's contamination in Poland is production carried out by the food industry. The process of production of food articles, during which various raw materials, auxiliary materials and technologies are used, leads also to the creation of pollutants. It becomes important, therefore, to define the degree of involvement of the food industry's entities in pro-ecological activities. Hence, the authors have undertaken an attempt at analysing the scope and structure of investment outlays on environmental protection by the food sector in Poland and selected countries of the European Union. In recent years Poland and Sweden have been characterised by diminishing outlays on environmental protection, whereas in the Czech Republic pro-ecological expenditures have risen. However, in per capita terms the largest amounts were allocated to environmental protection by Swedish enterprises – EUR 2.10 yearly, and the smallest amounts were allocated by Polish enterprises - less than EUR 0.50 yearly. The annual index for Czech enterprises was EUR 1.20. In 2000-2002 Poland was characterised by the lowest share of integrated investments (approximately 30%). The structure of investment outlays was the most favourable in Sweden where investments in the prevention of pollution accounted for nearly a half of all environmental investments. An analysis of the directions of investment efforts suggests that outlays on the protection of air and climate had a dominating share in the overall environmental investments only in Sweden. In the remaining countries outlays on waste water disposal and protection of waters had a dominating share in the total environmental investments.

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2 Wieś i Rolnictwo

2 Kasztelan A.

1 Kierpecka-Kasztelan A.

1 2007

1 2005

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DETERMINANTS OF PRO-ECOLOGICAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES

INVESTMENT OUTLAYS ON ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION BY FOOD AND TOBACCO INDUSTRIES IN POLAND AND SELECTED EU COUNTRIES