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1
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Národopisný věstník českoslovanský jako tisková platforma Národopisné společnosti českoslovanské a nástupnických organizací

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Válka M.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2013
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vol. 100
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issue 1
107-120
EN
The article deals with the circumstances of founding, subsequent development and the most important characteristics of the Národopisný věstník českoslovanský (founded in 1906). It also describes and analyses thi institutional and social-political context of the important milestones in the history of this periodical that belongs to the oldest scientific journals in Central Europe.
2
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Marginálie k cyrilometodějské tradici v lidovém prostředí

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Válka M.
Národopisný věstník
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2013
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vol. 30_(72)
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issue 2
77-91
EN
The 1150th anniversary of arrival of Constantine and Methodius, brothers of Thessaloniki, to Great Moravia (in 863) was an opportunity to reassess the historic role of their mission both from the religious and ecclesiastical and from the political, cultural and historic points of view. The cult of Constantine and Methodius was obviously reflected not only in the high art but also in folk culture. Velehrad, which has become one of the leading Moravian sites of pilgrimage, was connected with production of objects of devotion, which the pilgrims brought back to their homes to use in their prayers or as souvenirs of the place. The earliest group of these objects of devotion is represented by documents of folk art and works with features of folk art but the most popular objects include pieces of devotional graphic art, “holy” pictures commercially produced and sold at pilgrimage destinations since the latter half of the the 19th century. For the purpose of the contribution a couple of interesting artefacts (prints) of 19th century related to the Constantine and Methodius tradition were acquired. The different approaches to the composition of the scenes from the life of the two saints and different attributes of their appearance shown in the pictures demonstrate transformations of their cult, which was mainly developed in the Moravian environment, but also as regional patron saints in the Czech lands and as Slavonic faith promoters in other European nations.
3
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Současná lužickosrbská etnologie. Lužičtí Srbové ve sjednoceném Německu

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Válka M.
Národopisný věstník
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2012
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vol. 29_(71)
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issue 1
96-104
EN
Although the Czech ethnology was constituted as a national social and cultural-historical discipline, its interest has alway transcended the national borders. The Czech ethnographers as well as the Czech intelligentsia have been in contact with Lusatian Sorbs and descendants of the Polabian Slavs. Their situation had been changing throughout the 20th century, the assimilation tendencies were apparent. The activities of the Sorbs are supported by their own institutions (Domowina, Institut za serbski ludospyt) and some publications.The knowledge of traditional culture and its presentation became an important element in the process of Sorbs’ self-identification. Especially in the second half of the 20th century, the ethnologists published works on different subjects such as material and non-material culture, local and regional monographs and biographies of significant personalities.
4
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Národopisná věda a příbuzné obory. Symbióza a konflikty

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Válka M.
Národopisný věstník
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2009
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vol. 26_(68)
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issue 1
18-29
EN
Although each independent scientific discipline has its own subject matter, a worked out system and specific methods and methodology of research, it is impossible to avoid cooperation with other scientific disciplines. The interdisciplinary cooperation brings new findings and provides new stimulations, therefore it is beneficial to both cooperating disciplines. This paper summarizes the way how ethnology faces out the interdisciplinary cooperation. At the end of the 19th century, ethnology detached itself from the historical, philological and literary research as a specialized socio-scientific discipline due to its orientation on the culture of pre-industrial village, where the roots of national identity were searched for. during the interwar period, cooperation with geography was developed and resulted in the ethnographical atlases. Functional structuralism, which had been worked out in the field of linguistics and literary studies, asserted itself in the folklore research. After 1948, ethnography was declared as a historical discipline, pluralism of scientific methods disappeared and Soviet ethnography became a universal model. In the 1960’s, when the political conditions became rather released, sociology (as an empirical science) was rehabilitated. Ethnography, turning its attention to the problems of the modern society and urban milieu, began to solve the issue of the barrier between both disciplines. Along with the change of the political system, the year 1989 brought many social changes which influenced Czechoslovak ethnography. Its name was changed to ethnology/European ethnology, which was realized in the whole Central European region. Cooperation with the newly constituted sociocultural anthropology became a topical problem.
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Lidová kultura Haliče v dílech českých národopisců a publicistů 19. století. Příspěvek k česko-ukrajinským kulturním kontaktům

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Válka M.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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vol. 39_(81)
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issue 1
5-23
EN
After the First Partition of Poland, another crown land - Galicia (German: Galizien, Polish: Galicja, Ukrainian: Halychyna) was incorporated into the Austrian Empire; it covered current south-Polish and western-Ukrainian territories north of the Carpathians in the basin of the Vistula to Upper Dniester and Prut. Galicia featured not only a variety of ethnic groups living in it (Polish, Ukrainians, Jews, Germans, Armenians, etc.), but also a diversity in religions. The above-mentioned ethnic and religious differences were reflected in the cultural sphere whose richness of expressions drew attention of the first collectors of folk traditions among domestic authors and foreign researchers, whereby Balthasar Hacquet (1739–1815) can be mentioned as the first of them. The interest of researchers whose attention was directed rather to the National Revival and who saw in the folk culture the roots of national self-identity was based on different ideological premises. It was Pavel Josef Šafařík (1795–1861) who became the representative of Slavic ethnography and who - in cooperation with the Ukrainian (Malorossian) scholars Ivan D. Vahylevych and Jakov Holovacki - offered knowledge about Ukrainian (Ruthenian) culture in eastern Galicia. Karel František Vladislav Zap (1812–1871) was among significant Czech experts in Galicia; as a public servant he lived in Lviv at the turn of the 1830s and 1840s. His work features an effort for a critical but unbiased attitude to ethnical and economic problems of the country. The freer social life in Austria after the fall of Bach’s absolutism lead to the development of journalism. The ethnographic work of František Řehoř (1857–1899), who spent several years in the region, is of essential importance for Galicia. He published his essays, mostly of a popularizing nature, in Prague social and professional journals. His strengths included gathering of source material through field research, and collecting activities. The last important chapter of contact between Ukrainians from Galicia and the Czech lands dates back to the 1890s; it is connected with large exhibitions held in Prague and Lviv. However, the political situation in the Austro-Hungarian Empire caused their reception to be diametrically opposed. World War I, the dissolution of Austria-Hungary and the formation of the successor states ended the flow of ethnographic journalism on Galicia for the Czech reader; the Czech-Ukrainian contacts continued, however, on a different basis.
6
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The reflection of the south slav in Czech social magazines of the second half of the 19th century as a source of study of the formation of ethnic images

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Válka M.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2011
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vol. 98
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issue 3
307-325
EN
Social magazines contributed to a great extent to the image of South Slavs which was formed in the consciousness of Czech society in the second half of the 19th century. The period after the fall of neo-absolutism (1860), accompanied by relaxation of political rigour, meant a new stage in the development of Czech national life. Czech periodicals of social character come into existence together with the above mentioned development of national life; they were to replace German papers in bourgeoisie circles. They included e.g. Besedy lidu, Čas, Květy, Obzor, Osvěta, Světozor and Zlatá Praha. Slavic subject matter played an important part in the profile of the individual periodicals. The image of South Slavs, which social periodicals in the Czech society were creating by means of fiction, travel stories, historical and ethnographic scientific literature and, last but not least, by means of illustrations production and reproduction of works of visual artists, was in the spirit of Slavic mutual cooperation. Armed conflicts for the sake of gaining national independence, which create the icon of the South Slav as a fearless fighter for freedom, won the heart of the public. Analogously, archaic autochthonous manifestations the Czech society lacked are sought in the folk culture of South Slavs. Czech society thus created a largely idealized and romantic image of the life and culture of South Slavs, into which it projected its own ideals and desires.
7
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Tradiční dům v oblasti středního Podunají. K problematice hliněného stavitelství

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Válka M.
Národopisný věstník
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2011
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vol. 28_(70)
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issue 2
14-24
EN
Clay houses together with log, half-timbered and stone houses constitute basic forms of traditional dwellings in Europe. Clay is used as supplementary material in many areas, but it became dominant primarily in central and lower Danube regions (including the Morava and Tisa river basins) and the Black Sea areas of Moldova and Ukraine. Extensive loess deposits are characteristic for these lowlands. All types of clay constructions and also timber-frame construction filled with different materials such as wattle, reed and daub can be found in the area. the timber-frame construction has been known since prehistoric times, but scholars disagree about the age of the clay building technologies (rammed, cob and adobe constructions). Some relation may be sought for in the antique building tradition; however, clay building spread only in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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