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EN
Environmental organizations are increasingly active in monitoring the activities of public authorities. Regarding planning procedures, they have numerous rights– they can express their opinions, submit applications to the local plan or participate in public consultations. However, they are not entitled to file a complaint to the provincial administrative court against the local spatial development plan, as they do not have a legal standing. This is because they would have to demonstrate a“legal interest” in challenging a resolution of the municipal council concerning the plan. Current legal regulations do not always sufficiently protect the public interest, which suggests the need for further reforms in the procedural rights of environmental organizations so they can fulfil their role more effectively.
Radca Prawny
|
2021
|
vol. 27
|
issue 2
219-227
EN
The author analyzes crucial problems identified by the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland in the judgment of February 14, 2019 – case file no. II OSK 626/17 concerning the application in practice of the principle of good neighborhood, referred to in Article 61(1)(1) of the Act on Spatial Planning and Development. It should be noted that although the existing buildings determine the manner in which the conditions of a new investment are specified (due to the necessity of existence of “at least one neighboring plot”), various functions may co-exist within the framework of the existing and future developments, provided that they can be mutually reconciled. The purpose of the gloss is to demonstrate the appropriateness of the decision of the Court, which concluded that the existing housing development will have a negative impact on the residents of the new single-family housing estate due to the conflicting functions of the sites. In this respect, the reviewed judgment constitutes a certain attempt to prevent the so-called single-unit urbanism.
EN
The subject of the article is the analysis the new legal regulations on allegation in an administrative enforcement proceedings after the changes introduced by the Amendment Act of September 11, 2019. The aim of the article is to verify the amendment in terms from the perspective of the designer, who wanted to increase the effectiveness of the enforcement proceedings in considering the allegations, secure the obligated party and facilitate the work of the enforcement authority and the creditor. The main manifestation of this is the fact that the burden of considering the allegations from July 30, 2020 is on the creditor. In their article, the authors examine, whether the amendment actually had a positive impact on the improvement of the procedure of making allegations.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza zmian w ustawie o postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w administracji, dokonanych ustawą nowelizującą z 11.09.2019 r., w zakresie jednego z najważniejszych środków prawnych - zarzutu. Celem artykułu jest natomiast weryfikacja nowelizacji pod kątem intencji projektodawcy, który chciał zwiększyć efektywność postępowania egzekucyjnego w zakresie rozpatrywania zarzutów, zabezpieczyć zobowiązanego oraz ułatwić pracę organowi egzekucyjnemu i wierzycielowi. Głównym tego przejawem ma być fakt, że ciężar rozpatrywania zarzutów od 30.07.2020 r., czyli od dnia wejścia w życie ustawy nowelizującej, spoczywa na wierzycielu. Autorki w swoim artykule badają, czy nowelizacja rzeczywiście wpłynęła pozytywnie na usprawnienie procedury wnoszenia zarzutu.
EN
Global warming is, besides the COVID-19 pandemic, the greatest challenge for international society nowadays. Further reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is a crucial issue for the European Union and member states. In accordance with European Commission’s long-term strategy, by 2050 United Europe’s economy will have been neutral for the climate. In Poland, the main source of energy is still coal therefore the need to spread and accelerate the use of renewable energy sources is urgent. However, the pace of work in this area is determined by the law procedure for obtaining legal permits for investments in renewable energy sources. This article is a scientific analysis of the Polish legal provisions related to obtaining a decision on environmental conditions. The authors have used formal-dogmatic and theoretical methods supplemented with an analysis of the judgments of Polish administrative courts. In light of Polish regulations, investments in renewable energy are investments that have a significant impact on the environment and as such require a complex environmental assessment in an administrative procedure.
EN
The article aims to discuss the main features of church particular administrative acts and compares them with administrative acts known in polish administrative law. There will be analysed important aspects of duties division and Church authority competence. Authors will approximate definition of church administrative act and examine appropriate canon law provisions. The main assumption of the article is to indicate common features of administrative acts in canon and administrative law.
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie głównych cech poszczególnych aktów administracyjnych Kościoła i porównanie ich z aktami administracyjnymi znanymi w polskim prawie administracyjnym. Zostaną przeanalizowane ważne aspekty podziału obowiązków i kompetencji władzy kościelnej. Autorzy przybliżą definicję kościelnego aktu administracyjnego i przeanalizują odpowiednie przepisy prawa kanonicznego. Głównym założeniem artykułu jest wskazanie cech wspólnych aktów administracyjnych w prawie kanonicznym i administracyjnym.
EN
Gloss to the judgement of the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) of 6 May 2021, II GSK 1057/20, is another voice in the debate on the quality of training for young lawyers. The authors considered the judgment to be an obstacle to the formulation of general theses relating to the legal training and vocational training of trainees attorney-at-law and their impact on the quality of the services they provide in the future. The role of the National Bar of Attorneys-at-Law is to ensure the proper exercise of those professions in the public interest and for the protection of the public interest. The training of young lawyers therefore affects not only the provision of legal services to different actors, but also the need to safeguard the public interest. In the glossed judgement the Court rightly pointed out that the result of the examination must correspond to the level of legal training. However, it went beyond the scope of the decisions on the results of the examinations, which are laid down in a regulation according to which the administrative courts do not review the marks awarded by the examiners, but the result of the examinations based on them. A divergent, inappropriate judgement by the SAC could lead to a five-instance trial. The SAC has no power to comment on the content of the appraisals, which would require an appropriate legal definition of the criteria for the submission of the individual appraisals, which would appear to be impossible in the context of expert appraisals.
PL
Glosa do wyroku NSA z 6 maja 2021 r., II GSK 1057/20, jest kolejnym głosem w debacie nad jakością edukacji młodych prawników. Autorzy potraktowali orzeczenie jako asumpt do sformułowania bardziej ogólnych tez związanych z przewidzianą ustawami konstrukcją kształcenia aplikacyjnego i przygotowania zawodowego aplikantów do wykonywania zawodów prawniczych oraz ich wpływem na jakość świadczonych przez nich w przyszłości usług. Samorząd zawodowy ma za zadanie sprawować pieczę nad prawidłowym wykonywaniem tych zawodów w granicach interesu publicznego i dla jego ochrony. Edukacja młodych prawników oddziałuje więc na nie tylko na sferę świadczenia usług prawniczych na rzecz różnych podmiotów, ale również wiąże się z koniecznością ochrony interesu publicznego. W glosowanym wyroku NSA słusznie wskazał, że wynik egzaminu winien odpowiadać poziomowi przygotowania prawniczego do wykonywania zawodu. Wykroczył jednak poza ramy kontroli uchwały o wyniku egzaminu, wyznaczone przez regulację jednoznacznie określającą, że sądy administracyjne poddają weryfikacji nie oceny wystawione przez egzaminatorów, lecz ustalony na ich podstawie wynik egzaminu. Odmienne, niesłuszne zapatrywanie NSA prowadzić mogłoby do postępowania składającego się z pięciu instancji. Do wnikania w treść ocen NSA nie jest bowiem w żaden sposób uprawniony – wymagałoby to adekwatnego określenia ustawowego kryteriów warunkujących wystawienie poszczególnych ocen, co w kontekście ocen eksperckich wydaje się niemożliwe.
EN
The third edition of the National Scientific Conference of Legal Professions of Public Trust was held on January 20, 2022. The event was organized remotely, due to the current epidemic situation, and was dedicated to the topic of membership in professional self-governments. The conference was organized by the Department of Administrative Law at the Faculty of Law and Administration of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The main topics discussed during the conference were primarily inspired by the legislative changes concerning specific legal professions of public trust and also by de lege ferenda proposals regarding memberships in professional self-governments. A total of eleven presenters delivered lectures during the conference, both representatives of academic circles of six universities, as well as practitioners – representatives of professional self-governments of attorneys-at-law, advocates and notaries.
EN
Gloss to the judgement of the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) of 6 May 2021, II GSK 1057/20, is another voice in the debate on the quality of training for young lawyers. The authors considered the judgment to be an obstacle to the formulation of general theses relating to the legal training and vocational training of trainees attorney-at-law and their impact on the quality of the services they provide in the future. The role of the National Bar of Attorneys-at-Law is to ensure the proper exercise of those professions in the public interest and for the protection of the public interest. The training of young lawyers therefore affects not only the provision of legal services to different actors, but also the need to safeguard the public interest. In the glossed judgement the Court rightly pointed out that the result of the examination must correspond to the level of legal training. However, it went beyond the scope of the decisions on the results of the examinations, which are laid down in a regulation according to which the administrative courts do not review the marks awarded by the examiners, but the result of the examinations based on them. A divergent, inappropriate judgement by the SAC could lead to a five-instance trial. The SAC has no power to comment on the content of the appraisals, which would require an appropriate legal definition of the criteria for the submission of the individual appraisals, which would appear to be impossible in the context of expert appraisals.
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