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  1. 7 Światowit

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  1. 7 Starski M.

  2. 1 Kurdwanowski M.

  3. 1 Nazaruk I.

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  1. 3 2012

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1

Lębork (rynek), woj. pomorskie. Badania w roku 2011

100%
Starski M.
Światowit
|
2012
|
vol. Tom IX (L), fasc. B
313-318
EN
Archaeological examinations of the former Market Square of the location town in Lębork were the first reconnaissance stage of works, aimed at identifying cultural layers and localising remains of the Gothic Town Hall (Figs. 1, 2). Six trenches were marked out and an undisturbed arrangement of cultural layers was found in them. Its thickness reached ca. 2 m. Modern Period and present-day layers were solely composed of sterile levelling sands. More important discoveries related to this period include a wooden well from the 16th and the 17th c., which was located at the mouth of Staromiejska street. Late medieval layers were composed of dark grey thin films of sand with organic waste, which were remains of usage of the square. Portable finds which were extracted from them come from the second half of the 14th and the first half of the 15th c., that is, from the initial period of the town’s history. In the then surface of the Market Square remains of wooden constructions were also discovered. These were dendrochronologically dated to the 1340s and the 1350s (figs. 1, 3). Their arrangement and way of constructing allow to assume that they were only punctual paddings of the surface of the square with planks, bark and twigs. In all probability, they were not large-scale constructions. These discoveries may also be evidence of use of the Market Square as a base for buildings which were constructed in plots. The analysis of the arrangement of layers and finds from the Market Square gives no grounds to reconstruct early medieval pre-location settlement in this area. The only remains of settlement (which was, however, considerably earlier) include prehistoric fragments of ceramic vessels. They were found at the level of primary humus of the terrain and they pointed to the existence of settlement of the Wielbark Culture people in this area. Completed works also allowed for an identification of foundations of buildings which were related to the former Town Hall of Lębork, pulled down in 1874 (STAŻEWSKI 2009: 319). Until present, only two foundation footings survived in the examined part of the Market Square. These are located more than 2 m under the present-day surface of the Market Square (figs. 1,4). On the other hand, only further examinations of remains of buildings will allow for an identification of the layout of the building. At present, it is only possible to say that it had no basement and its floor (limestone paved floor) was situated about 50 cm below the present-day level of the Market Square.
2

PUCK (RYNEK), WOJ. POMORSKIE. BADANIA W ROKU 2010

100%
Starski M.
Światowit
|
2009-2010
|
vol. Tom VIII (XLIX), fasc. B
243-245
EN
The third season of investigation works in the Market Square in Puck enabled to complete a research program, which consisted in examining the spatial arrangement and the history of the Market Square and the Town Hall. Eight trenches were opened in the southern part of the square (which was not hitherto examined) and on the eastern side of the Town Hall, which originally was located at the centre of the square and discovered in 2007. The research was carried out in relation to the regeneration of the Old Town in Puck and it was the last season of excavations. Usage layers in the southern part of the square were identified. These were dated from the half of the 14th c. onwards. Another important discovery was the revealing of an annex to the Town Hall. It was built at the end of the 15th c. and then destroyed in the 1520s. It had in all probability a commercial function and it constituted a range of trade stalls around the old Town Hall. Fieldworks completed in the third investigation season enabled the researchers to contribute to the hitherto knowledge about the Puck Market Square and to define its spatial arrangement, including the history of the site of the municipal authorities.
3

Dzieje rynku w Pucku

100%
Starski M.
Światowit
|
2009-2010
|
vol. Tom VIII (XLIX), fasc. B
149-161
EN
Based on archaeological excavations of the Market Square in Puck in 2007-2010 it was possible to make an attempt at reconstructing the Market Square’s history. An interpretation of research results allowed to state that this area was not permanently settled in the prelocation period. The first cultural layers were namely related to the formation of a new settlement, with regard to a grant of the location privilege in 1348. These layers confirm a dynamic development of Puck in its initial period. The Market Square was not built-up at that time and was used for communication and trade purposes. Small-size constructions may have been situated there, with post-holes, fragments of pavements and bases of hearths being their remains. A rich assemblage of portable finds was gathered from usage layers, includingpottery vessels, as well as leather, wood and metal artefacts. The construction of the Town Hall was a significant caesura in the history of the square. The existence of the Town Hall is confirmed by sources already in 1400. In result of archaeological research, foundations of cellars and basements from three phases of existence of the site of municipal authorities were exposed and documented. The first building burnt down in the 1520s, and it was then rebuilt. The last phase is related to the enlargement of the building in the mid-18th c. The Town Hall eventually fell prey to the conflagration in 1863. It was then pulled down and the area of the square was levelled. A range of trade stalls was erected on the eastern side of the building in the late 15th c. Their existence is confirmed by portable finds, including a pan scales, styli, merchants’ weights and numerous semi-products and artefacts of non-ferrous metals. Trade stalls in the Market Square in Puck are also testified in historical sources. This premise was divided into at least three rooms, which were not connected with one another. It existed, similarly to the earliest Town Hall in Puck, until the fire in the 1520s. Then, its reconstruction was abandoned. An abundant assemblage of portable finds was gathered from the fills of the Town Hall and the stalls. It speaks of the material culture of inhabitants of Puck and the furnishings of the former site of the municipal authorities from the late 15th to the 19th c. The examination of the history of the former Town Hall and trade buildings, as well as the acquisition of the rich assemblage of finds significantly broadens our knowledge about the history of this small town in Pomerania.
4

Człuchów (zamek), woj. pomorskie. Badania w latach 2009-2010

100%
Starski M.
Światowit
|
2009-2010
|
vol. Tom VIII (XLIX), fasc. B
187-190
EN
Excavations in the northern outer ward of the High Castle were continued during the two last seasons. They also encompassed the gateway passage and the northern wing of the castle. The castle itself was built in the first half of the I4th c. and in 1822-1825 it was converted into a Protestant church. Architectural relics of the outer ward’s buildings and the castle cellars were revealed and documented in the course of investigations. It enabled the researchers to identify the way of usage of the examined space, including spatial divisions in the late Middle Ages and the Modern period. This provides data to reconstruct this part of the castle premise. It is also possible to identify the sequence of building works during the construction of the castle’s foundations and the revetment walls of the outer ward and the moat. The fieldwork revealed i.a. the relics of the outer ward’s buildings. These commenced to be constructed as early as in the 15th c., but mainly in the Modern period. It was also possible to reveal and document the pavement in the gateway passage. The level of the basement in the northern wing of the High Castle with preserved vault buttresses was revealed. These were in all probability remains of a cross and rib vault. Furthermore, the level of the cellar was revealed with no internal divisions having survived. All that remained were vault buttresses of a barrel vault with ogive windows which provided the cellar with additional daylight. Moreover, a staircase which led to the inner ward was also found. An assemblage of more than 130 000 movable relics was acquired. Its major component were animal bones, related to meat consumption. Sherds of pottery vessels were also numerous. The assortment oftableware was completed by frequently found glassware. Groups of semi-raw materials, bone artefacts and metal relics (including weaponry) were also identified. The latter are first of all more than 80 bolt heads and more than 40 cannon balls. 180 shaped bricks used for the construction of vault ribs were found in the tumble of the northern wing of the High Castle. All were covered with Gothic paintings.
5

Puck (kamienica pod Złotym Lwem), woj. pomorskie. Badania w roku 2009

100%
Starski M.
Światowit
|
2009-2010
|
vol. Tom VIII (XLIX), fasc. B
243-245
EN
In Summer 2009 archaeological works were undertaken in one of burgher plots of the medieval location town of Puck (Fig. 1). There was a masonry house in its front part, with a small backyard behind. The backyard was accessible for excavation works. During one and a half months of examinations eight trenches were opened, with three of these in the backyard and five in the cellar of the house. Stratigraphy in the entire area of the plot was documented in the course of the archaeological works. Thanks to this it was possible to reconstruct changes in the spatial organisation, property divisions and the material culture of its inhabitants. The excavations yielded a considerable number of finds. These were so-called traditional ware, greyware, as well as late medieval and early modern glazed redware and stoneware (Fig. 3:1-11). Modern period layers also yielded a considerable assemblage of plate tiles with depictions of Senses (Fig. 3:13).
6

Człuchów (Zamek), woj. pomorskie. Badania w roku 2011

63%
Kurdwanowski M., Starski M.
Światowit
|
2012
|
vol. Tom IX (L), fasc. B
299-304
EN
In the fourth season of archaeological excavations at the castle premise in Człuchów one trench with a surface of almost 2 ares was laid out. It was located in the south-eastern corner of buildings of the former High Castle (Fig. 1). obtained results yielded crucial data on the stages of construction, the layout and internal divisions of this part of the castle. They therefore changed the hitherto scope of knowledge, which became established in scholarship via the reconstruction of the castle by C. Steinbrecht (1920). Results of conducted archaeological research allow to say that the southern wing dominated in this part of the castle body. This wing was longer than it was previously described and it reached up to the eastern side of the circumferential masonry wall of the high Castle (fig. 1). on the other hand, cellars were in all probability single-space halls. They were connected to each other with door openings in the cellar and basement floor. The level of the basement was at the height of about 170.1 m a.s.l., which corresponds with the level of pavement in the inner ward. This is also testified to by a sewage canal, which was revealed at this height in the southern wall of the castle. The usage level of cellars in the eastern and the southern wings of the castle was at the height of 165.2 m a.s.l. Both cellars were vaulted. The southern one was vaulted with cross and rib vault (fig. 2), while the eastern one - at least with cross vault, as no traces of ribs were found among preserved remains of architecture of this part of the castle (fig. 3). Therefore, the height of the entire cellar floor is to be reconstructed as about 3.8 m. The depth of founding of pads of foundation footings of the High Castle points out that in the first stage its circumferential walls were built, and later on, the construction of foundations of internal walls was commenced. In the course of exploration of the cellars, thin utilisation layers from the period of the existence of the castle were found. Due to this, the assemblage of finds was not very numerous. The highest number of finds came from the utilisation layer of the cellars in the southern wing of the castle. This layer is dated to the end of the 14th - the 16th c. More interesting finds include fragments of openwork tiles which were ornamented with traceries, as well as some forms of massive ceramics vessels, which had a storage function. An interesting find was discovered in the northern part of the trench - a loosely deposited rectangular stone corbel of an attached shaft. The corbel was ornamented with simple step frieze and a tracery motif with a rosette (Fig. 4).
7

PUCK (SKARPA NADMORSKA), WOJ. POMORSKIE. BADANIA W ROKU 2011

63%
Nazaruk I., Starski M.
Światowit
|
2012
|
vol. Tom IX (L), fasc. B
343-348
EN
This year’s archaeological excavations in the location town in Puck were carried out directly beyond its outline, in the zone of today’s scarp at the coast of the bay, to the north of ul. F. Ceynowy (Site 1, AZP ‘Archeologiczne Zdjęcie Polski - Archaeological Record of Poland’ 04-42/31; Fig. 1). A 8x8 m trench was marked out, in order to examine the management of the coastal area, including a discovery of remains of the northern line of fortifications of Puck, which were hitherto unknown (fig. 2). Based on completed works, it can be said that originally this area gently declined towards the bay and in this place there was no clear and steep edge of Kępa Pucka (‘Puck Hillock’) (fig. 3:D). Until the 19th c., this area was situated at a small distance (up to a dozen or so metres) from the coast of the bay of that time. This allows to suppose that a convenient access to the bay was one of the factors which influenced the selection of this place for settlement purposes in the Early Middle Ages. The settlement of that time is confirmed by finds of pottery vessels from the 13 th c. In the Late Middle Ages this area was already managed in a permanent manner. This is testified to by the discovery of a small wooden residential building. It measured 4x3 m and it survived in a vestigial form (figs. 4, 5). It is dated to the 15th c., which implies the existence of buildings beyond the outline of the location town. It also allows to state that the buildings developed towards the bay. On the other hand, these were not expanded outskirts, but rather individual homesteads or workshops which functioned in the coastal zone. Two levels of these buildings were found. These were divided with a longitudinal cut, located on the E-W axis, along the entire trench (fig. 3:C). It cannot be excluded that this cut was made in the course of construction of ad hoc fortifications of Puck during the Thirteen Years War. A palisade was built on the side of the bay; later on, however, it was completely dismantled. As early as the first half of the 16th c. this area was not built up and it was used to dispose of garbage. In result of this, the level of the terrain increased about 1 m. The present-day scarp was formed only at the beginning of the 20th c. It was heightened about 1 m in its southern part and its edge was moved about 8 m to the north.
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