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INCONSISTENCY OF PERSONALITY - ADAPTIVE VALUE?

100%
Oles P.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
|
2004
|
vol. 12
69-90
EN
The definitions of personality stress consistency of thought, feelings and action or individual and stable patterns of behavior. However personality disturbances mentioned in ICD-10 are described also in terms of fixed and consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings and actions. Also such phenomena as affective polarity show inadaptive consistency of personality. On the other hand there are numerous examples of inconsistency, like between automatic and conscientious processing of information, or different cognitive-emotional programs realized by two hemispheres. Other forms inconsistency one can find in temperamental organization of behavior or in self-system. Some forms of inconsistency like self-differentiation, self-complexity, self-compartmentalization, self-clarification or self-concept stability are analyzed on angle of adjustment. Some studies reveal correspondence between psychological adjustment and self-concept integration while some other exhibit correspondence between measures of self-concept complexity or differentiation and high self-esteem, low depression and/or anxiety. Thus, multifaceted self-concept in some conditions seems to have adaptive value. Also changes in the self-system which make possible creative changes and innovations in life imply some internal inconsistency. Another phenomenon of inconsistency is present in internal dialogs. In conclusion one of the most important questions concerns mechanisms which underlie consistency and inconsistency of personality. The symptoms of inconsistency of personality are evident for example in self-concept organization, complex organization of self-system, complex organization of personal goals, values and multifaceted identity or narrative and dialogical thinking. Environmental pressures also underlie inconsistency of personality.
2

CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

100%
Oles P.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
|
2003
|
vol. 11
75-95
EN
Taking as a starting point assumption that the processes concerning personality ought to be explored in systematic and holistic way, the main question was posed about internal (personal), and external (environmental), as well as relational (person-environment) factors and mechanisms which stimulate change in personality or preserve continuity and stability in personality during middle adulthood. deals with (1) content or (2) coherence of the patterns of cognitions, affects and behaviors or (3) change of a principle underlying organization of such patterns. A comprehensive model of science of personality introduced by McAdams (2001) was proposed as a base for integration of knowledge about personality development and change in personality on three levels: dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, and life stories. On the first level the changes are described mainly in terms of increasing consistency of the traits. On the second level change in personality is regarded as a result of cognitive-affective processes, purposive behaviors and organization of the self system. On the third level personality change and development is stimulated by narrative identity and intentional activity which give direction, coherence and meaning of life. The Gauguin syndrome and posttraumatic growth were presented as the examples of such changes. The considerations lead to conclusion that looking for explanation of change in a principle underlying pattern (coherence) of cognitions, affects and behaviors we need to explore dynamic processes which operate among three levels of personality.
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