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Analiza fantazmatu „niewinnej ofiary” w „Lilli Wenedzie” Juliusza Slowackiego w swietle koncepcji Deleuze’a

100%
Shibata Y.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2012
|
vol. 103
|
issue 3
EN
The article examines the role of the self-sacrificing heroine in Juliusz Slowacki’s Lilla Weneda through the concept of “contractual masochism” proposed by Gilles Deleuze. The French philosopher suggests that a masochist voluntarily enters into a contract with an offender in the hope of realizing a fantastic ideal until it falls into eternal suspension. The suffering and demise of the angelic Wenedes, brought about by the aggressive Lechites and representing the poet’s vision of the post-Uprising Polish nation, will be reread in the light of this masochistic mechanism. Noticeably, the innocent heroine Lilla, who in the place of King Derwid initiates the contract with Queen Gwinona and sacrifices herself to death, plays a crucial role of “preparing” the rise of the national avenger who constructs the ideal Polish nation only in the future. An analysis of Rhapsody I from King-Spirit through the concept of sadism allows for a further understanding of Slowacki’s phantasm. While seeing sadism as a symptom separate from masochism, Deleuze regards a masochist’s transformation into a sadist as a contingent phenomenon. The epic of the mystically inclined Slowacki justifies such observation. King-Spirit that inherits the national ideal of Lilla Weneda mobilizes the sadistic principle of cruel disorder. Desiring a free Poland, the poet formed the vision of the heroic sadist who perpetually creates a new world.
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The Fantasmatic Stranger in Polish Nationalism: Critical Discourse Analysis of LPR’s Homophobic Discourse

100%
Shibata Y.
Polish Sociological Review
|
2009
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vol. 166
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issue 2
251-272
EN
The article presents how the discursive discrimination of homosexuals serves nationalism in the contemporary Polish society. Following a brief conceptual location of homophobia within the ideological movement of nationalism, the exemplar homophobic discourse of the Polish nationalists, i.e. that of the League of Polish Families (LPR), is examined through the interdisciplinary method of critical discourse analysis (CDA). In the theoretical part, the sexual minority is applied the status of the “stranger” discussed in cultural sociology; the nationalist is in turn conceptualized as a social-phenomenological actor, who perceives and categorizes the sexual “stranger” by using the knowledge circulating at the Schützean lifeworld. The CDA of the discriminatory discourse of LPR politicians, who represent such homophobic nationalists, attests that homosexuals are mobilized as the “fantasmatic” stranger in today’s Poland.
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