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Becoming Citizens: The Taiwanese Civil Society

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EN
The paper rises the question, as to what extent civility/civil society in Taiwan (indigenous or implemented by the Republic of China) ties in with the aforementioned theoretical approaches, and what is the foundational myth of Taiwanese civil culture. The pattern of being a citizen in Taiwan puts special emphasis on the moral (civil) responsibilities in situations of conflict and inside state-society relations. Civil socialization is the central feature of such pattern. This is because civil socialization principle, especially from the perspective of traditional Chinese culture, may serve as an important signpost for individuals and groups who happen to be living in a democratic mass society. Author emphasizes that Taiwanese civil society consists of both modern institutionalized forms of civil actions, realized by NGOs and/or local governments, and semi-civil actions that are realized outside the institutions through the resurrective networks of citizens whom share the same moral order and the same common ‘public good’. Those resurrective networks emerge when causes of mobilization appear, and become hibernated when the common goal is reached or the mobilization causes have vanished.
EN
In this article the author points out that analyzing the role of Confucianism in Chinese society, and in particular the role of the Contemporary New Confucianism in relation to the possibility of establishing democracy in the ‘Middle Kingdom’, one should adopt the perspective of the widest possible openness to the values practiced there today. Adaptation of democracy to the circumstances of historical, cultural and political is evident. The values existing in Chinese society – those derived from tradition, and those created in the course of changes in the last century – will hardly shape democratic values. Confucian model of democratization can vary between conservative Confucian model of parliament and extreme political liberalism where “everyone is sovereign, all are subjects”. Democracy – or more precisely “Confucian democracy” – in China will be born with a moral conformity between the human individual and the state that reasonable public trust and turn them into co-government. It was then that the power of a “new contract” will arise new Chinese institutions of democracy, concludes the author.
EN
The article delivers an extensive view on the genesis and development of civil society in Taiwan, and presents the results of the analysis of a role that civil society in Taiwan plays in the shaping of institutional order, co-governance (local and national), the intermediation and representation of the individual (also summed in group interest) as well as the public interest in relation to the other actors of the social system (the state, the market and family). Taiwanese socio-political transformation is a model example of the transition from authoritarian rule into a democratic system. Conglomeration of socio-economic prerequisites lays as the basis for specific political culture of Taiwanese society, which not only has a significant impact on the participation of different groups of citizens in the public sphere, on their position in the social and civil dialogue, but primarily on their relationships with state institutions.
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