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Zapadlý projekt Muhammada Alího. Budování hráze v deltě Nilu

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Mazanec J.

Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

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2017

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vol. 9

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issue 2

87-97

EN

This article analyses the problems of the first modern attempts at modernization of the Egyptian irrigation systems on the Nile River in 19th century. The focus is on the construction of the barrage in the head of Delta. This project, commenced by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali (1805–1848), was intended to improve the irrigation of Delta and thus increase agricultural revenues, primarily with regard to the cotton production. The engagement of French foreign advisors such as engineers Louis Maurice Linant de Bellefonds and Eugène Mougel in the first phase of the project demonstrates the great influence France held over Muhammad Ali’s Egypt. The involvement of British engineers Colin Scott-Moncrieff, William Reid and William Willcocks in the later phase of the project, which began in the 1860s, in contrast reflects British economic interests and the rising of Britain’s dominance on the Nile.

CS

Tento článek se zabývá problematikou prvních novodobých pokusů o modernizaci egyptského zavlažovacího systému na řece Nil v 19. století. Zaměřuje se především na budování hráze v nilské deltě. Tento projekt, který zahájil egyptský vládce Muhammad Alí, měl zlepšit zavlažování v oblasti delty, a tak zvýšit zemědělské výnosy, především z produkce bavlny. Počáteční účast francouzských inženýrů Louise Maurice Linanta de Bellefonds a Eugèna Mougela dokládá velký vliv Francie na Egypt Muhammada Alího. Angažmá britských inženýrů Colina Scotta-Moncrieffa, Williama Reida nebo Williama Willcockse v projektu, které začíná v šedesátých letech, je naopak zrcadlem počínající britské dominance na Nilu.

2

The Ottoman Empire at the Beginning of Tanzimat Reforms

100%

Mazanec J.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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2016

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issue 2

21-45

EN

This article deals with analysis of publication of Gülhane noble decree (3 November 1839) which is an eminent event in the modern history of the Ottoman Empire. Promises of sultan Abdülmecid I contained in this document in fact opened the door for a reform period called tanzimat, which is mostly put between years 1839–1876. This article also focuses on earlier attempts of reorganization and modernization of the empire, especially on reforms of sultan Selim III and sultan Mahmut II. Knowledge of these reforms is necessary for understanding the events of 1839. An important part of this article is formed by analysing circumstances of Gülhane decree origins and the English version of its text.

3

The Delta Barrage — the Most Expensive Bridge of Its Time? The First Attempts at Taming the Nile

100%

Mazanec J.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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2017

|

issue 2

21-31

EN

This article analyses the problems of the first attempts at modernization of the Egyptian irrigation systems on the Nile River in 19th century. The focus is on the construction of the barrage in the head of Delta. This project, commenced by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali (1805–1848), was intended to improve the irrigation of Delta and thus increase agricultural revenues, primarily with regard to the cotton production. The engagement of French foreign advisors such as engineers Louis Maurice Linant de Bellefonds and Eugène Mougel in the first phase of the project demonstrates the great influence France held over Muhammad Ali’s Egypt. The involvement of British engineers Colin Scott-Moncrieff, William Reid and William Willcocks in the later phase of the project, which began in the 1860s, in contrast reflects British economic interests and the rising of Britain’s dominance on the Nile.

4

Margins of Everyday Life of Czechoslovak Experts in Africa. Motivation — Nomination — Preparation — Emigration?

100%

Mazanec J.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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2021

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issue 1-2

66-78

EN

Since the 1960s, Czechoslovakia was very active in providing development aid to the newly established states in Africa. One of the most widely used instruments of this aid was the sending of expert groups from various fields. In view of the lack of reliable, yet sufficiently professional and linguistically equipped cadres available to the Czechoslovak government, emigration to the West was not uncommon among the experts sent. A more significant increase in emigration occurred immediately after 1968, when Warsaw Pact armies invaded Czechoslovakia. This article attempts to present the daily reality of Czechoslovak experts sent to Africa. It will focus on their motivations for going, the functioning of their communities and, through the stories of several experts, it will also outline the motivations and methods of emigration to the West through the country to which they were sent or reflections on emigration. The article is based mainly on materials from the Czechoslovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs and interviews with the experts or their close relatives. The stories of two water engineers, Antonín Petlach and René Sameš (Ghana), pharmacists Zdeňka and Otomar Věříš (Tunisia), and physician Jan Foustka (Ghana) will be discussed.

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3 Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

1 Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

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Zapadlý projekt Muhammada Alího. Budování hráze v deltě Nilu

The Ottoman Empire at the Beginning of Tanzimat Reforms

The Delta Barrage — the Most Expensive Bridge of Its Time? The First Attempts at Taming the Nile

Margins of Everyday Life of Czechoslovak Experts in Africa. Motivation — Nomination — Preparation — Emigration?