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PL
Rejestracja poloników w Bibliotece Polskiej w Paryżu
EN
The author presents the latest acquisition to the Collection of Parchment Records in AGAD. It is the act of recognition of the foreign as a Polish noble issued by King Augustus II, in Grodno on 10 November 1726. It was granted to the Scott, Archibald Andrzej Glower de Glaydeny, Lieutenant Colonel of the crown artillery. The document is distinguished by a rich graphic design. The most interesting is the majestic seal of Augustus II (sigillum maiestatis), which is a rarity in the Polish sigillography.
EN
This paper is an attempt to review preserved at the Central Archives of Historical Records sources to the history of Livonia in the period from the 13th to the 19th century. The author presents in this respect individual archival fonds, starting from the Middle Ages and the modern era, describing records of official character (Collection of Parchment Records, The Warsaw Crown Archives, The Polish Crown Chancery - Metrica Regni Poloniae, The Crown Treasury Archive), very few records of 19th c., ending with private archives, stored mainly in the Radziwiłłs Archives, and in the Archives of Warklany Estate. This review confirms the importance of sources that survived at the holdings of the Central Archives of Historical Records for research on the history of Latvian territory.
EN
The author, citing a study by Teresa Zielińska on public documents in the private archives as well as analysing examples of Polish kings: John II Casimir Vasa (Jan II Kazimierz Waza), John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski), Augustus II the Strong (August II Mocny) and Augustus III of Poland (August III), extends on monarchs the thesis of treatment by high-level dignitaries public documents as a private property. The archival legacy of King Stanisław August Poniatowski was a special case because at that time Poland lost its independence as a result of the partitions. The Royal archive consisted previously of two parts. The first one of an official character was taken over by the heir to the throne, while the second one of private character was inherited by the royal heirs, if there were any. After The Third Partition and the abdication of the king there was no successor, who officially could have taken over the royal archive. Finally, a large part of the royal archive was taken over by one of the occupying powers – Russia, the rest was divided into several parts, the largest of which received Prince Józef Poniatowski who was designated in the king’s will to the main heir. Piotr Bańkowski devoted many years of work to the reconstruction of a so-called Archive of Stanisław August Poniatowski. To the above mentioned heirs of royal archive should be added Tadeusz Czacki, whose archival legacy was transferred to The Czartoryski Library in Kraków, Prince Stanisław, the second king's nephew, and Marcin Badeni. The second objective of the work carried out by Bańkowski was the separation of historical fonds out of records inherited by the Potocki family from Jabłonna after Prince Józef Poniatowski death. These records were transferred after World War II to the Central Archive of Historical Records (AGAD). In this way, the following fonds became the part of the archival holdings of Department I [Records of public authorities, offices and institutions until 1795] of AGAD: Archives of Royal Camera – Administration of King's Estates and Revenues [Archiwum Kameralne], Military Records from Jabłonna [Militaria z Jabłonny], Correspondence of Stanisław August [Korespondencja Stanisława Augusta], The Ghigiotti Archives [Archiwum Ghigiottiego] and Papers of Wickedé [Papiery Wickedégo]. In addition, Department III [Family archives and collections of private papers] of AGAD gained fonds: The Royal Mining Archives [królewskie Archiwum Górnicze] and The Royal Mint Archives [królewskie Archiwum Mennicze]. The author made a number of objections to the allocation made. The Department I should gather the files of an official character, while fonds: The Ghigiotti Archives, Papers of Wickedé, and even Correspondence of Stanisław August are of a largely private character. At the same time, fonds: The Royal Mining Archives and The Royal Mint Archives are of an official character but are preserved in the Department III. This clearly shows the conventionality of the border between what public and what private is and changing meaning of both terms over the past 200 years.
PL
Autor, powołując się na studium Teresy Zielińskiej o dokumentach publicznych w archiwach prywatnych, a także na przykłady królów polskich: Jana Kazimierza, Jana III Sobieskiego, Augusta II i Augusta III, rozszerza na monarchów tezę o częstym traktowaniu przez wysokiej rangi dostojników dokumentów publicznych jako własności prywatnej. Pozostała po królu Stanisławie Auguście Poniatowskim spuścizna archiwalna stanowi przypadek szczególny ze względu na likwidację w wyniku rozbiorów samodzielnego bytu państwowego Rzeczypospolitej. Poprzednio archiwa pokrólewskie składały się z dwóch części. Pierwszą z nich, mającą charakter oficjalny, przejmował następca na tronie, drugą zaś, prywatną, dziedziczyli królewscy spadkobiercy, jeżeli takowi istnieli. Po III rozbiorze i po abdykacji króla nie było następcy, który oficjalnie przejąłby królewskie archiwalia. Znaczna ich część przypadła jednemu z zaborców – Rosji, pozostałe uległy podziałowi na kilka części, z których największa przypadła wskazanemu przez króla w testamencie głównemu spadkobiercy, księciu Józefowi Poniatowskiemu. Rekonstrukcji tzw. Archiwum Stanisława Augusta wiele lat pracy poświęcił Piotr Bańkowski. Do wymienionych powyżej dziedziców królewskiej spuścizny archiwalnej należy jeszcze dodać Tadeusza Czackiego, po którym archiwalia znalazły się w Bibliotece Książąt Czartoryskich w Krakowie, drugiego bratanka króla, księcia Stanisława i Marcina Badeniego. Drugim celem prowadzonych przez Bańkowskiego prac było wydzielenie historycznych zespołów z odziedziczonych przez Potockich z Jabłonny po księciu Józefie Poniatowskim archiwaliów, które w okresie II wojny światowej znalazły się w AGAD. W ten sposób w zasobie oddziału I AGAD znalazły się: Archiwum Kameralne, Militaria z Jabłonny, Korespondencja Stanisława Augusta, Archiwum Ghigiottiego i Papiery Wickedégo, zaś w oddziale III królewskie Archiwum Górnicze i Archiwum Mennicze. Autor formułuje pewne zastrzeżenia do dokonanego podziału. W oddziale I powinny znaleźć się akta o charakterze oficjalnym, podczas gdy Archiwum Ghigiottiego, Papiery Wickedégo i nawet Korespondencja Stanisława Augusta mają w dużej mierze charakter prywatny. Dla odmiany Archiwum Górnicze i Archiwum Mennicze mają charakter urzędowy, chociaż znalazły się w oddziale III. Ukazuje to wyraźnie umowność granicy między tym, co publiczne i tym, co prywatne oraz zmieniającą się w ciągu ostatnich 200 lat treścią obu pojęć.
EN
A very interesting report about the election of the Polish king John Sobieski in 1674 is kept in The Polish Library in Paris. Its author was François de Callières (1645–1717), a French nobleman from Normandy. Son of James de Callières, soldier and writer, like his father was connected with the aristocratic families lords of Matignon and princes de Longueville. In 1674 he visited Poland for the second time. When defeated in election in 1669, the old court-party, with Primate Mikołaj Prażmowskim and Marshal and Grand Crown Hetman Jan Sobieski at the head, searched for a suitable candidate to replace Michał Kontrybut on the Polish throne, they made a proposal to Charles, comte de Saint-Paul, duc de Longueville. De Callières as an envoy of the prince appeared in Warsaw in winter 1669/1670, and stayed there for several months. Results of this visit were: friendship with Crown Treasurer, Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, good knowledge of Polish realities and probably basic ability in Polish language. For this reason, when Prince Charles Emmanuel II of Piedmont looked for a suitable envoy, who could describe the Poles candidacy of his cousin, Louis of Thomas, duke of Carignan, Count de Soissons for the Polish king, the choice fell on Mr. de Callières. Relation on the election of 1674 by François de Callières is unusual. The author does not confine himself to presenting the events. Almost half the text deals with the performance "of the Polish Kingdom". It is a short treatise; the author describes a political and social system of Poland in the late 17th century. De Callières shows a surprisingly high level of knowledge of the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, doubtless due to conversations with Morsztyn, but also by his own sense of observation. Promoted by François candidacy of Count de Soissons had no chance to be chosen, though de Callières skillfully depicted count as an alternative to competing factions: French and Austrian. For de Callières it was the beginning of diplomatic career, crowned with the signing (on behalf of the France) the peace treaty of Ryswick with the League of Augsburg (1697) and publication of a book dedicated to the art of negotiations which is still famous among historians of diplomacy. It appeared in Poland under the title "The art of diplomacy" in 1929.
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