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Ludność żydowska w Błaszkach i jej główne źródła utrzymania (do 1864 r.)

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Król M.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

2012

issue 10

57-85

Błaszki is a small town situated between Sieradz and Kalisz.The beginnings of Błaszki go back to the 15th century, but the real development of the city was in 18th century, when the city became the property of Lipski family. In 18th century the town began to be settled by Jews, who later gradually became to be the dominant national group among the total population. It is worth noting that in 1793–1811 Błaszki stood out in the Kalisz department because of its percentage of the men of religion of Moses. At the same time in Opatówek and Staw, situated near the town, there were no Jews. Jews dealt with craft and trade, which was the main source of supply for the cities around the Błaszki. Jewish population lived mainly in wooden houses, which were situated around the rectangular market. At the beginning the people organized 10 fairs per year, but since the mid-19th century they organized only 6. There were Sunday`s fairs as well, that were the place of cloth, horses, cattle, corn, seeds and eggs trading. Jewish artisans were involved in weaving, tanning, linening and agriculture. Jewish community showed an interest in the functioning the Jewish municipality that existed in the mid-18th century. I n the thirties of the 18th century Błaszki had its own synagogue. Twenty years later the shelter for the poor Jews was created. However, both the majority of manufacturing industries and the limited employment opportunities in agriculture caused that a significant part of the Jews lived in extreme poverty. Emerging crises in agriculture and the epidemic affected the increase in mortality among the men of religion of Moses.

Udział Kościoła katolickiego we wprowadzaniu pokoju pomiędzy plemionami prowincji Southern Highlands w diecezji Mendi w Papui-Nowej Gwinei

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Król M.

Annales Missiologici Posnanienses

2014

issue 19

167-179

The author describes several social and peace-making initiatives which were undertaken in the last decades by the Catholic organizations active within the diocese of Mendi in Papua New Guinea. The country gained independence in 1975, but remained culturally diversified. The basic identity for most of the citizens is still related to the tribal level. Political conflicts, corruption, abuse of alcohol and narcotics resulted in the past decades in several outbursts of violence among tribes of the Southern Highlands Province. Since the central government was unable to answer this challenge, the Catholic organizations of the Mendi diocese became very much involved in the peace-making process and other social initiatives. Activities of two Catholic organizations are described in more detail, namely the Diocesan Development Secretariat and the Justice and Peace Group, which have succeeded in mediations among several tribes.

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1 Annales Missiologici Posnanienses

1 Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

2 Król M.

1 2014

1 2012

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Ludność żydowska w Błaszkach i jej główne źródła utrzymania (do 1864 r.)

Udział Kościoła katolickiego we wprowadzaniu pokoju pomiędzy plemionami prowincji Southern Highlands w diecezji Mendi w Papui-Nowej Gwinei