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EN
The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of demographic processes, with emphasis on an ageing of consumers, on changes in the tourism goods and services market. Two dimensions are considered. First, challenges for tourism market in the perspective of the development (new products, high level of local and international competition). Second, are challenges connected with consumer behaviour changes in an ageing population. The growing importance of older buyers affect the need for intensive adjustment processes on the market and entrepreneurships level. The analysis of literature and statistical data confirmed increasing role of older consumers in tourism: growing purchasing power and greater awareness of consumption needs. New circumstances are significantly affecting the functioning of the tourism market, mainly in developing new products and services to adapt to changes on the demand side of the tourism market. The paper is a contribution to the further considerations of sensitivity of individual sectors in the relation to the demographic processes and consumer behaviour in ageing societies.
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System bankowy w Szwajcarii

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EN
The purpose of this article is to present the Swiss Banking System. Banking in Switzerland is characterized by stability, privacy, protection of client’s assets and information. One-third of all fund held outside their country of origin (offshore funds) are kept in Switzerland.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the nature of credit rating and the role of rating in the process of raising capital. The credit rating plays more and more important role on the financial markets, especially on the international debt capital market. The main role of credit ratings is to enhance transparency in financial markets by reducing an information asymmetry between borrowers and lenders. Credit rating can help a company to widen an access to the credit providers and may result in lower borrowing costs. The role of the credit rating will increase because of an implementation of The New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II). The Accord’s rules will be fully implemented in 2008. According to the rules, a creditor (bank) will have to determine risk weights using external or internal rating. It seems, there will be a strong influence of the level of rating on the bank and on the borrowers.
EN
The article presents past and current challenges connected with legal regulations concerning European undertakings for collective investment. Introduced and planned changes were presented in this article. Particular emphasis was pul on foundations of Green Book and White Book connected with investment funds market. Additionally, the article presents the development of European institution of collective locating market between 1999 and 2005. The conclusion drawn from this article is that it is necessary to observe constantly the status of communal regulations in this matter in order to maintain advantageous competitive position of European investment funds. Rules inadequate to claims of the investment market must be altered, while divergences of the national legal regulations must be eliminated.
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