The analysis performed by the author and based on the literature of the subject deals with establishment of group forms of work organization. Autonomous groups functioning at the lowest management levels in companies and characterized with a big independence in their activity are a good example of properly understood humanization of work. Their activity counteracts negative socio-psychological effects resulting from excessive atomization of labour division. Autonomous groups are an example of expanding, enriching, and thus Improving quaiity of work. The author formulates the concept of autonomous group, characterizes factors in favour of group organization of work, and points at a relationship between the type of technical-organizational system and a possibility of establishing autonomous working teams. The article ends with presentation of a model group accompanied by discussion of the scope of its independence and responsibility.
Managerial work belongs to activities, which due to their complexity and specific nature, do not lend themselves easily for studies and assessment. At the same time the social consequences of unsuccessful work of the managerial ataff are so enormous that it should be studied carefully and attempts should be made at fincing solutions for a number of problems connected with it. Awareness of complexity of conditions in which directors work imposes a requirement of attributing big importance to preparation of studies, their careful performance, and cautious conclusions and estimates. Since work of directors is so changeable and so difficult to predict its organization is possible to a limited extent only. If we want to avoid critique of superficiality in drawing conclusions on the basis of studies on the present situation we should take into accourtt possibly most elements of their work. The main point here is to make allowances for specific characteristics of the environment in which a director works, and of decisional-informative processes, which constitute the contents of managerial work.
The article begins with explanation of concepts of integration, employees' integration, and definition of reference factors of employees' integration. Next, the author's attention is focussed on one of factors of reference of employees' integration, and namely on the work establishment understood as an organizational entity. Further on, there ie described the method employed by the author in analysis of the above factor of reference of employees integration accompanied by assessment of intensity degree of integrating attitudes among interviewed employees as revealed in relation to the work establishment as an organizational entity.
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