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1

Badania archeologiczne na terenie gminy Sędziejowice

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Kajzer L., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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1994

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vol. 50

EN

This article presents some remarks on archaeological researches on the oldest traces of human settlement in Sędziejowice commune. Up to now this region has not been the object of thorough archaeological studies. Only one object i.e. a graveyard in Podule colony in Łużyce, was examined by archaeologists and this state proves that the works have been hardly advanced. In the end of XIX century there was an active local cultural drcle in Sieradz province. This circle consisted of town intelligence and regional gentry. They were deeply interested in the history of their region and in remains and relics of primaeval epochs. Their activity (mainly of E. Stawiski from Podłężyce) caused the identification of many archaeological posts (places); the relics coming from thes posts were includsd in manorial collections. During the interwar period the commune region was penetrated by the research workers from Warsaw and Cracow. At that time in the years 1929-1930, Jan Dylik - well-known geographer and the expert of this region, examined mentioned above graveyard in Podule. But the results of these works were published only in the sixties. The eighties mark the essential development of knowledge about primaeval settlement and colonization of this region we are interested in. During that time nearly the whole area of commune was subjected to the superficial examinations (a sort of survey) which formed a part of AZP (Archeologiczne Zdjęcie Polski - Archaeological Picture of Poland). The main purpose of this undertaking is a full register of archaeological post in Poland. It was found, that there are one hundred and fifty archaeological posts in commune region. Although the data obtained during the Archaeological Picture of Poland is random, we can hope that chronological definitions included in this data allow for initial characteristic of colonial changes dynamics. In commune region only several posts from the stone age have been found. This shows, that in times of mezolit and neolit there were few settlements in this area. However, more than thirty posts can be connected with Łużyce culture, developing up from the third period of a bronze age to the early iron age (so called „halsztacki period”). In late-laten (125-0) and roman (0-375) times the population was big. It was connected with general colonial and demographic situation of this region (Sieradz province). In the fourth century came the general brake down, the first few early-mediaeval posts date from eighth, nineth centuries. From the tenth century the structure of colonization began to intensify and it lasted till the most historical moment-so that in the area of commune there were found about seventy posts with the early and late mediaeval cultural relics. Historians are mainly interested in the times from the half of thirteenth century when Sieradz province became the separate principality. Among the most interesting monuments which should be the object of archaeological researches the ruins of renaissance, brick and fortified mansion in Wola Wężykowa (formerly Wola Grabicka) should be mentioned. That was the fortified residence of the Wężyk house, which many members lived in Sieradz province (Widawa, Osiny, Siedlec). Summing up it should be stated, that the state of archaeological research works is not advanced enough. There are only few areas so scrupulously avoided by the archaeologists as the region of Sędziejowice commune.

2

Granice XIII-wiecznej kasztelanii raciąskiej na Pomorzu Wschodnim

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Kowalczyk M., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1987

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vol. 8

3

Sprawozdanie z badań pałacu w Ostromecku, gm. Dąbrowa Chełmińska, woj. bydgoskie, w 1981 r.

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Grabarczyk T., Kajzer L., Walenta K., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1984

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vol. 5

EN

Studies conducted at Ostromecko In 1981 aimed at archaeological verification of the chronology of the "old palace" and examination of the manor Bound. The vast park system houses the So-called old palace with its present form given to it by Saxonlc architect M. D. Pôppelmann (2nd quarter of 18th century), and the so-called new palace erected in 19th century, most probably according to K. Schinkel's design. As there were discovered archival materials from l?th and 18th centuries containing a description of a defensive manor-house melted in the mass of the "old palace" today, it was decided to examine the foundations of the building and its direct environment. Examinations encompassed four excavations with a total area of 22 m . It was discovered that on the northern elevation the access to the foundations is covered by walls coming from 18th century remodellings. On the other hand, on the western elevation there were found cut off remnants of the corner abutment from 16th-l7th century. It was also observed that the palace foundations were uncovered and mended in 18th century. In excavation IV the mound's stratigraphy was examined, and it. was discovered that all older stratifications were removed in 18th century. Scarce historical materials (vessel сегаи1сз, animal bones, tiles, etc.) come from 18th-20th centuries. The studies revealed that remodellings from 18th century and levelling of the mound completely erased the picture of the old foundations.

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Uwagi na marginesie pracy T. J. Horbacza i Z. Lechowicza

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Kajzer L., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1984

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vol. 5

5

Budownictwa drewniane na terenie Danii w okresie wikińskim i wczesnośredniowiecznym

100%

Barnycz-Gupieniec R., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1987

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vol. 8

DE

Die Entwicklung der Forschungen über die Wikinger und frühmittelalterliche Periode auf dem Gebiet von Dänemark erlaubte die ausreichende Anzahl der Angaben zu sammeln, die ermöglichen, eine Rekonstruktionsprobe der Formen vom Holzbauwesen zu unternehmen. Die Forschungen der Dorlbesiedlung waren Grund zu Erwägungen über typische Bobauungsformen, die aus einem oder mehreren Höfen bestanden. Mehr-Höfo-Bebauung charakterisierte die Anwesenheit der kleinen und grossen Häuser, die vielleicht zu bedeutsamen Landsleuten und Vorsteher gehörten. Eine spezifische Form der dänischen Besiedlung waren sog. runde Burgen von auf anderen Gebieten nicht wiederholbaren Planung, aber mit den für nördlichwestliches Europa typischen bogenförmig gesta lteten Häusern. Es gehören 3 Burgen dazu: Trelleborg, Aggersborg und Fyrkat. Vom Anfang des X. Jahrhunderts beginnen sich auf dem Gebiet von Dänemark frühstädtische Zentren wie z.В Haithabu, Ärhus, Ribe, Viborg zu entwickeln. In der Wikinger und frühmittelalterlichen Zeit herrschen in Dänemark grundsätzlich 2 Konstruktionstypen. Traditionell ist ein Typ des Hallenhauses von geraden oder bogenförmigen Wänden in der Flechtwerk, Bohlen- und Palisadekonstruktion. Kleine Objekte hatten eher wirtschaftlich-industrielle Funktionen. Es fällt auch ziemlich grosse Anzahl der Erdbauten auf, die auch in frühstädtischen Zentren auftreton. Zu unterstreichen ist die Tatsache, dass wie bisher, auf dem Gebiet von Dänemark keine Kommkonstruktionen festgelegt wurden.

6

Jeszcze o siedzibie rycersko-szlacheckiej w Polsce

63%

Horbacz T. J., Lechowicz Z., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. A., Łódzki U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1984

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vol. 5

EN

Problems of formal and ideological ties between towers, the so-called, conical strongholds and tower manors are quite often discussed recently (L. Kajzer, T. Jakimowicz). A statement that conical strongholds are knightly residences situated in the centre of knight's estate as formulated by J. Kamińska and advocated for many years now does not seem to be the only accurate statement. Examples of settlements at Dmosin (Rawa district), Goszczewice (Radom district), and Burzenin (Sieradz district:) allow the authors to show the knightly estates in which a private town or market hamlet with a parish church as a knight's endowment represent an administrative centre. This observation makes one of prerequisites, which allowed to state that the so-called conical strongholds were erected in places of strategic importance. They were not erected on a knight's initiative but rather represented a strategic concept of the ruler. For these reasons the relationship between the tower in a conical stronghold and a tower manor should be perceived only in categories of symboliс representation. Past development of tower manors dates back to the beginnings of the state monarchy in which the nobility came to hold a privileged position. Manifestation of "knightly origins" of middle-rank noblemen's families was traced on the example of a manor-house at Zukow (Radon district). To the search for attributes of "knightly origins" - being a basic element in the propaganda concept of the nobility - the authors attribute acceptance of the tower-house “model" in Poland in 16th century.

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5 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

6 Uniwersytet Łódzki K. A.

3 Kajzer L.

1 Barnycz-Gupieniec R.

1 Grabarczyk T.

1 Horbacz T. J.

1 Kowalczyk M.

1 Lechowicz Z.

1 Walenta K.

1 Łódzki U.

1 1994

2 1987

3 1984

Badania archeologiczne na terenie gminy Sędziejowice

Granice XIII-wiecznej kasztelanii raciąskiej na Pomorzu Wschodnim

Sprawozdanie z badań pałacu w Ostromecku, gm. Dąbrowa Chełmińska, woj. bydgoskie, w 1981 r.

Uwagi na marginesie pracy T. J. Horbacza i Z. Lechowicza

Budownictwa drewniane na terenie Danii w okresie wikińskim i wczesnośredniowiecznym

Jeszcze o siedzibie rycersko-szlacheckiej w Polsce