The paper presents arguments that advocate for application of the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis as a tool for constructing sentiment indicators in business surveys. Reliable measurement and comparisons of the sentiment mean between periods require measurement invariance on its three basic levels-configural, metric and scalar invariance. It is hypothesized that only sets of questions that are internally coherent can serve as a group of proxies for business sentiment indicator. An attempt to construct two different sentiment indicators for manufacturing industry is performed. The results show that only for the set of coherent proxies it is possible to estimate model with measurement invariance.
Many sample surveys are not based on simple or unrestricted random samples, but usually on complex samples with stratification, clustering, unequal inclusion probabilities and multistage sampling. To estimate a parameter, all individual data from complex sample must be weighted by weights connected with sample selection scheme and statification and adjusted for nonresponse and noncoverage errors. Standard statistical computer software is correct for statistical inference from unrestricted random sample, but not from complex sample. The aim of this paper is to present utility of SAS software to statistical inference from complex sample. Data from Household Budget Survey 2008 were used in examples.
The primary objective of the work is to identify demographic and socio-economic factors influencing the unemployment duration in the recent period in Poland. Different approaches to the problem have been applied. In this paper we have used a survival parametric model in Bayesian approach. The following determinants have been concerned in the model: sex, marital status, education level, information about continuing an education, region of Poland, and age of respondent. The empirical analysis is based on “Household budgets in 2008” survey of Central Statistical Office and indicates the main factors influencing unemployment duration.
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