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Watered Down Essences and Elusive Speech Communities: Two Objection Against Putnam's Twin Earth Argument

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Hensel W. M., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
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2017
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vol. 38 (3)
EN
The paper presents two objections against Putnam’s Twin Earth argument, which was intended to secure semantic externalism. I first claim that Putnam’s reasoning rests on two assumptions and then try to show why these assumptions are contentious. The first objection is that, given what we know about science, it is unlikely that there are any natural-kind terms whose extension is codetermined by a small set of microstructures required by Putnam’s indexical account of extension determination. The second objection is that there may not be a plausible concept of a speech community whose adoption would classify Oscar and Twin Oscar as members of different speech communities and, at the same time, render Oscar and Twin Oscar as being in the same psychological state. I contend that Putnam’s argument fails because both objections are justified.
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Zachodnioeuropejski wzorzec gospodarczy a rozwój polskiego rolnictwa w świetle wybranej publicystyki Jana Lutosławskiego

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Dajnowicz M., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2010
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vol. 08
EN
The articles of Jan Lutosławski, published in the first half of the 20th century, propagate West European patterns of development of Polish agriculture. Western industrial patterns should mainly be accepted by gentry who was responsible for the development of Polish farming. Lutosławski paid special attention to English patterns (as far as private ownership or attitude towards tradition are concerned), Danish patterns (when it comes to the development of education), German patterns (especially to the repair solutions of Little property). In the articles of Lutosławski one can also find justification for introducing the principles of national economy to Poland.
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Przemoc wobec ludzi starych na wsi. Na przykładzie badań w środowiskach wiejskich województwa podlaskiego

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Rudnik A., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2013
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vol. 297
EN
The old age is generally comprehended as a time of rest and life’s wisdom. Unfortunately researches and reports more often show that old people’s life not always is full of calm and appreciation. The problem that not small percentage of elderly person wrestle is elder abuse, which seems to be one of the most important social issue on the world. Interest in the phenomenon of violence against the elderly, however, emerged only in the late 70s and early 80s of the twentieth century, when it was first diagnosed it as a health and social problem. This situation was the result of the increasing role of social policy and the growing interest in domestic violence. This article is a presentation of elder abuse occurrence in Podlaskie voivodeship. Furthermore, collected empirical material let show in this case study forms of elder abuse and perpetrators. Researches which were made in three selected rural communities of Podlaskie voivodeship showed that old people more often got abuse, neglect, and aggressive behavior in the form of arguments, insults and taking their money without their consent. Perpetrators of elder abuse mainly were immediate persons as spouses and adult children. Interesting is also fact that perpetrators also were unfamiliar persons – generally neighbours and young people.
PL
Starość powszechnie kojarzona bywa z czasem odpoczynku i życiowym doświadczeniem. Niestety jak wynika z coraz częściej prowadzonych badań oraz raportów życie osób starszych nie zawsze bywa pełne spokoju i zrozumienia. Problemem, z którym boryka się niemały odsetek seniorów jest przemoc, która okazuje się być jedną z najważniejszych kwestii społecznych dzisiejszego świata. Zainteresowanie zjawiskiem agresji wobec osób starszych pojawiło się jednak dopiero pod koniec lat 70-tych i z początkiem lat 80-tych XX wieku, kiedy to po raz pierwszy rozpoznano ją, jako problem zdrowotny i społeczny. Sytuacja ta była efektem wzrastającej roli polityki społecznej i rosnącego zainteresowania przemocą domową. Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi prezentację zjawiska przemocy wobec osób starszych zamieszkujących województwo podlaskie. W oparciu o zebrany materiał empiryczny przedstawione zostaną przejawy przemocy wobec osób starszych oraz jej sprawcy. Badania prowadzone w trzech wybranych środowiskach wiejskich województwa podlaskiego ukazały, iż osoby starsze doznawały najczęściej nadużyć, zaniedbań oraz zachowań agresywnych w postaci kłótni, znieważania i wyzwisk oraz zabierania pieniędzy. Sprawcami przemocy wobec osób starszych były zaś najczęściej osoby najbliższe, czyli współmałżonek oraz dzieci. Uwagę zwraca także, iż aktów agresji wobec seniorów dopuszczały się osoby obce – głównie sąsiedzi i młodzież.
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Międzygeneracyjna transmisja kultury w rodzinie wiejskiej wielopokoleniowej. Problem cyfrowego wykluczenia i dystansu międzypokoleniowego

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Czykier K., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2013
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vol. 297
EN
Text raises an issue of transmission of culture in multigenerational rural families (generations young, average and older) in context of digital exclusion and distance between generations.
PL
Tekst porusza zagadnienia międzygeneracyjnej transmisji kultury w rodzinie wiejskiej wielopokoleniowej w kontekście problemu cyfrowego wykluczenia i dystansu międzypokoleniowego.
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Wdowieństwo jako droga do doskonałości w Żywotach świętych piotra Skargi

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Puchalska-Dąbrowska B., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2013
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vol. 21
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issue 3
EN
The aim of the article is to present widowhood as a way to attaining Christian perfection in Piotr Skarga’s Lives of the Saints. The work, addressed to all the representatives of the spheres of life in the 16th and 17th century Poland, includes selected role models of widows, e.g. St. Elizabeth of Hungary or St. Bridget of Sweden. The main components of the model under discussion are: intensive spiritual life, detachment from the world and its pleasures, avoiding further marriages, poverty and deeds of charity. In the construction of the perfect widow, Skarga follows the writings of St. Paul and the lives of the religious.
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Doświadczanie życia w przemocy przez kobiety w starszym wieku

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Halicka M., Halicki J., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2013
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vol. 297
EN
The aim of the article is to present a part of the research done within the project: Intimate Partner Violence against Older Women. In particular, these are the opinions of the research subjects on violence and a characteristic of analyzed cases of female victims of intimate partner violence. The duration, causes and forms of aggressive behaviors are presented. An attempt is also made at characterizing the female victims of violence, who have a passive attitude towards their situation.
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Walka z analfabetyzmem w Polsce Ludowej i jej realia w świetle wybranych dokumentów Ministerstwa Oświaty oraz Biura Pełnomocnika Rządu do Walki z Analfabetyzmem (1949–1951)

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Budnik M., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2013
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vol. 19
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issue 1
EN
The subject of this article is combating adult illiteracy in the People’s Republic of Poland. The existing knowledge concerning the topic has been supplemented with the analysis of the archival documents, currently beingin possession of the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw. It describes how illiterates were recognised in the society, in what way they were encouraged to train new skills and how attending the courses was made possible for them. The analysed documents include censors’ reviews of manuals, press articles, letters wrote by former illiterates and other valuable records. The communists were combating illiteracy not only in the name of the social progress, but mostly motivated by their quest to broaden the possibilities of ideological indoctrination – during the courses organised for illiterates and later on. This is why the selection of manuals and other publications addressed to former illiterates was propagandist. The strategic importance of the matter was expressed by Vladimir Lenin himself: “Socialism cannot be built by illiterates” (W. Ozga, Education in the six-year-plan and the revolutionary changes of the society and economics in the People’s Republic of Poland. Warsaw 1951, p. 124).
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Errata do twórczości Stanisława Czernika: 1949

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Gardocki W., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2013
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vol. 19
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issue 1
EN
The subject of this paper is the writing activity of Stanisław Czernik in 1949. Czernik was an esteemed writer but concurrently he worked as censor in The Ministry of Culture and Art. He reviewed novels of many writers in the same department of Ministry where his novels were reviewed as well. This paper discusses a number reviews wrote by Czernik and some reviews of Czernik’ books wrote by another censors of The Ministry.
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Wykorzystanie możliwości rozwoju międzynarodowego – przykład Grupy Kapitałowej „Sokołów” SA

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Janiuk I., Jarosiński M., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Handlowa S. G.
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
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2014
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vol. 006
EN
The paper presents the available opportunities of international growth of firms described in the management literature: sequential development and early internationalisation. The results of research on the internationalisation of Polish firms indicates a growth of interest in both development paths. Corporate Group „Sokołów” SA is described in the paper is a good example of sequential development on international markets. It is also a typical example of the internationalisation of a Polish firm operating in the meatprocessing industry, whose role in Polish exports is increasing dynamically.
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