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Hierarchia czy demokracja? Wizja stosunków społecznych w miastach Królestwa Polskiego (na podstawie dyskusji o samorządzie miejskim w trakcie rewolucji 1905 roku)

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Śmiechowski K., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2015

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vol. 14

EN

After the collapse of the January Uprising in 1863 the Kingdom of Poland experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization. When Warszawa, Łódź, Zagłębie and some smaller places became big industrial areas the ratio of urban population grew from 10% in 1870s to 30% in 1900. The scale of urbanization caused important social and political changes. The Revolution of 1905, considered as the first “urban revolution” in Eastern Europe was a result of those processes and initiated the era of modern politics and political discourse in Poland. One of new phenomena was an interesting discussion about planned urban municipality which was held between 1905 and 1907. The author analyses legal acts, press articles form Warszawa and Łódź and other sources in order to define three logics of urban social order presented by different political options and ideologists. The oldest of them was the bourgeois one, which dependent the law of voting in urban elections and running in urban councils on the level of education and property to guarantee the dominant position of intelligentsia in the municipality. This argumentation presented by Adolf Suligowski, the author of the draft of new law from 1906, was criticized by members of Endecja and socialists who were convinced to their own logics of urban social order. While first of them considered urban population as divided between different nationalities, in socialists logic cities was mainly a battlefield between antagonist social classes and were not interested in cooperation with different groups. All this ideological divisions led to final failure of the Suligowski’s draft and enabled the Tsarist administration to overemphasize ethnic problems in Kingdoms urban areas and established the conflict between Poles and Jews the main principle of the new drafts. This helped Endecja, which turned during the Revolution from democratic movement into a xenophobic national party, to became the most influential party and established nationalistic logic of urban social order the most influential.

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Inteligencja i rewolucja w Łodzi w latach 1905–1907

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Iwańska M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2015

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vol. 15

EN

The 1905–1907 Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland was a significant experience not only for workers, but also for other social classes, including the Intelligentsia. The Revolution was the moment when the Intelligentsia in Łódź emerged with such an intensity for the first time. It became active in the city’s social, political and cultural life. Owing to 1905–1907 events, the Intelligentsia became integrated as a social class and its identity became more defined. Mass protests of workers were perceived by majority of the Intelligentsia as unsettling. They was seen a threat to the social peace and order and the city’s economy since they often turned into violent fratricidal fights, which were detrimental to the city’s material and moral condition. The Intelligentsia saw its main role in improving workers’ education, which might draw them away from the revolutionary movement. Many ideas and initiatives of the Intelligentsia concerning workers seem to have been belated or inadequate in the view of the torrid revolutionary period. Politically, a major part of Łódź Intelligentsia was connected with the liberal and national movement. For them, the highest value of 1905–1907 events was the opportunity to gather and organise educational associations, lectures and Polish language classes. The period is usually referred to as “years of freedom” and perceived as the time when the Polish society, including its Intelligentsia, unprecedentedly revived for the first time in years.

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Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej pt. „Miasto, masa i… projekt. Historyczne trajektorie dyskursów modernizacyjnych”, Łódź, 4–5 grudnia 2015 r.

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Śmiechowski K., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2015

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vol. 14

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Opera jako forma narracji historycznej

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Markiewicz G., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2015

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vol. 14

EN

In the second half the 16th century, in Florence, group gathering specialists in the arts, enthusiasts of the antiquity, composers and poets, called Camerata, put examining the ancient culture for herself behind the target. Resurrecting an ancient Greek musical theatre was a basic task of those fans of the antiquity. An opera is a result of those treatments. From very beginning of the creation of the kind, operatic work sought the inspiration in the past. At first they referred to the classical mythology. Then to medieval history and modern history and national mythology. For centuries librettos were the best way of acquainting Europeans with the ancient legacy, history and the European culture. New historiography is combining historiography with literature, emphasizing all at the same time that history isn’t an image of the past. According to Hyden Whte the historical discourse is interpretation. Paul Ricoeur is convincing that a structural sameness is characterizing historiography with the fictional story. One and second are different ways of the narration. Historiography is writing the story which is talking about facts. Similarly is with the opera, being one of the most compound artistic kinds, since is combining features of the, dramatic and musical literary work which manifest itself in the form of the libretto, the music and the drama. Opera is writing and telling a story.

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Ilustracje z dziewiętnastowiecznej prasy Królestwa Polskiego jako źródło do badań nad kulturą uzdrowiskową

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Kita J., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2015

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vol. 14

EN

In the second half of the XIXth century in Polish Kingdom there has been substantial progress in the development of printing techniques. This observations also applies to illustrative graphics. Woodcut as a technique of describing the event, designed to press pictures was cultivated by the most outstanding artists. Thanks it, illustrated magazines in Polish Kingdom developed quickly and belonged to the most widely read publications. In the papers of this magazines appeared number iconographic motif, such as: views of various buildings and equipment, panoramas and landscapes commanded places and cities, portrait of eminent and merit person. At that time took place a revitalization of health resort culture in medical fields. As it were, the qualities of long known European resorts were being “discovered” anew and the native health resorts and spas were becoming more and more popular. Not only was the medical treatment the purpose to visit the spa but it become a fashion and important in term of social contacts. So let’s pose the question if the wide concept of health resort culture also found in rang of interests of creators illustrative graphics then? Is among the various iconographic motifs appeared woodcut showing the facilities and equipment located in the areas of spas? If so, were only illustrated object designed for balneotherapy and hydrotherapy, or also appeared object designed for entertainment and making free time more pleasant. Moreover, were published portraits of merit for the development of the resort culture on the columns of the Polish Kingdom press? The basis for this analysis were the illustrated magazines appearing on the terrain of Polish Kingdom in XIXth and early XXth century. These periodicals were reaching mainly these social groups from which the patients of health resorts derived, and these magazines were widely read throughout all the land then Polish.

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„Lesestunde / Lekcja czytania”. Redakcja tekstów niemieckich Ruth Leiserovitz i Stephan Lehnstaedt; redakcja tekstów polskich Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov i Grzegorz Krzywiec, Deutsches Historisches Institut Warschau, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Wyd. Neriton, Warszawa 2013, ss. 492 (nakład 400 egz. numerowanych)

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Woźniak K. P., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2015

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vol. 15

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„W kręgu kultury historycznej: Ziemianie mazowieccy wobec obronności Ojczyzny”, Ciechanów 5 września 2015 r.

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Kostrzewska E. M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2015

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vol. 15

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Ziemianki Królestwa Polskiego i polityka (przełom XIX i XX wieku) Konteksty, uwikłania, wybory

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Kostrzewska E. M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2015

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vol. 15

EN

The landladies of the Kingdom of Poland were involved in the world of politics in various degree determined by the general situation (social, political, economic) existing in the Kingdom of Poland at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The special feature of this period was the growing emancipation of women as well as the increasing influence of politics which meant the necessity of taking ideological choices. The landladies being entangled in the historical context of the period as well as the specific character of their own elitist environment, took part in the social and political life. They stated their opinions about the church and religion, the equality of public rights to vote and programmes of political parties. In case of increasing strife and divisions, the landladies developed their own way of dealing with politics, which contributed to the process of creating modern democracy. The process which was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I.

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8 Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

8 Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

2 Kostrzewska E. M.

2 Śmiechowski K.

1 Iwańska M.

1 Kita J.

1 Markiewicz G.

1 Woźniak K. P.

8 2015

Hierarchia czy demokracja? Wizja stosunków społecznych w miastach Królestwa Polskiego (na podstawie dyskusji o samorządzie miejskim w trakcie rewolucji 1905 roku)

Inteligencja i rewolucja w Łodzi w latach 1905–1907

Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej pt. „Miasto, masa i… projekt. Historyczne trajektorie dyskursów modernizacyjnych”, Łódź, 4–5 grudnia 2015 r.

Opera jako forma narracji historycznej

Ilustracje z dziewiętnastowiecznej prasy Królestwa Polskiego jako źródło do badań nad kulturą uzdrowiskową

„W kręgu kultury historycznej: Ziemianie mazowieccy wobec obronności Ojczyzny”, Ciechanów 5 września 2015 r.

Ziemianki Królestwa Polskiego i polityka (przełom XIX i XX wieku) Konteksty, uwikłania, wybory