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1

Uchwalenie „ustawy stabilizacyjnej" — początkiem stosowania polityki „globalnego sterowania" w RFN

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Borkowska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1982

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vol. 14

EN

Passing of „Stabilization law" on June 8th 1967 was a reflection of growing interventionist trends in the economic policy of the FRG. Being an official programme of anticyclical regulation of the economy this law provided a basis for a new concept of economic policy, the concept of „comprehensive steering", which was to replace the concept of „socialmarket economy" devaluated by the economic crisis of 1966/1967. The article presents a background of the new economic policy, the most important features of the „stabilization law", and an attempt at assessment of feasibility of its application in conditions of the FRG’s economy.

2

Reprezentacja międzynarodowych ekonomicznych grup interesów w Europejskiej Wspólnocie Gospodarczej

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Saryusz-Wolski J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1982

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vol. 14

EN

Presence of organizations called interest groups in the European Economic Community was becoming more and more pronounced along with progress in integration processes. The author's attention is focussed on one of categories of groups and namely on interest groups of socio-economic character set lip to pursue interests of economic subjects associated in organizational structures (e. g. agricultural producers, industrial producers, hired labour). Even a superficial analysis of the phenomenon confirms great potential importance of these groups for the integration process. Creation of the EEC and transfer of competences in the field of economic policy in favour of different institutions of the Common Market led to gigantic growth of interest revealed by national economic interests groups wishing now to transfer their operations to the level of the EEC. This interest and a need for co-ordinatioh of activities of national groups paved the way for rapid creation of the groups at the EEC level. Analysis of genesis and process of creation of international economic interest groups points at strong relationship between the integration process and creation of international structures replacing earlier national economic interest groups. Stucture and internal organization of groups at the Common Market level is a function of tasks which are to be performed by these organisms on behalf of subjects grouped within them in relation to institutional superstructure of the European Economic Community.

3

Procesy międzynarodowej koncentracji i kooperacji firm w teorii oraz w praktyce wspólnej polityki przemysłowej EWG

100%

Podlasiak Z., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1982

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vol. 14

EN

The article contains an analysis of main directions of policy pursued by the EEC authorities in relation to processes of concentration and centralization of capital taking place within the area of the EEC. The analysis leads to a conclusion that the goal of this policy is removal of all barriers hampering the phenomenon of international capital ties paving the way for creation of the so-called European capital. Commission Of the EEC treats it as an important element consolidating its position as a nucleus of authorities of the European state to be formed — in its conviction-in the future. However till now the propositions of the Commission aiming at more radical selection of means to promote regrouping of companies on the Common Market scale, were not fully supported by member states, which treat with reserve the process of progressive internationalization of ownership structures. Meanwhile a need for profound changes in the structure of the EEC industry becomes more and more urgent especially in the fields which dynamize the economic growth. The future of common industrial policy depends thus, to a large extent, on system of forces existing between national authorities and supranational institutions.

4

Społeczno-ekonocniczne warunki wzrostu produkcji rolnej w Indiach

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Puliński W., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1982

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vol. 14

EN

The direction of reconstruction of Indian agriculture proposed in this article is based on analysis of the level of manpower resources and its efficiency in India's agriculture, contained in my previously quoted article. The first part contains short charakteristics of the course of agrarian reforms in India and opinions concerning the co-operative way of development of rural areas. This review provides a basis for a conculsion that along with passage of time there was taking place an evolution towards resignation from effective intervention in social relations in rural areas while the proposed and promoted way of development through introduction of co-operative solutions remained in the sphere of theoretical considerations. In the second part there is contained a proposition of reconstruction of the Indian village through provision of opportunities of full employment within the sector as the mast effective solution both from the point of view of utilization of manpower resources and maximization of agricultural production. It should be mentioned here that the proposition of establishment of „optimal" farms does not constitute an alternative for the co-operative movement but it provides only a chance of explicit presentation of the problem.

5

Problem dzisiejszej Ameryki: ubóstwo pośród obfitości

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Bednarek W., Kropiwnicki J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1982

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vol. 14

EN

The article deals with analysis of socio-economic contraditions characteristic for capitalist economy. The authors focus their attention on only one protolem being perhaps the most painful and paradoxical expression of these contradictions, namely on the problem of poverty. This problem is analyzed against the example of the US ecqnomy. The article contains first of all: a brief history of recognizing poverty as a social problem and of attempts made by the state to curb this phenomenon, problem of definition of the state of poverty, scope of the discussed phendmenon and dynamics of its changes over last few years as well as structure of poverty in different cross-sections. Analysis of sources of poverty, constituting the next and last part of the article, proceeds in direction of polemics with bourgeois thesis about "poverty of one’s own choice".

6

Realizacja planu Marshalla a wzrost gospodarczy Republiki Austrii w latach 1945—1953

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Pasieka M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1982

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vol. 14

EN

The article deals with problems of economic growth of Austria in the period of 1945—1953. Analysis of the economic growth process is conducted in a way that would allow to show the special economic role which was played by American economic, aid implemented within the framework of the Marshall's plan for reconstruction of Austrian economy. The author stresses supremacy of political goals, which W. Truman's administration attached to the plan and he points that the basic economic mechanism of infulence exerted by this aid resulted from the fact that with limited possibilities of internal accumulation it represenied an important source of obtaining economic surplus. Earmarking of economic surplus for investment targets became an essentian factor of economic accelerattion achieved over the period of 1948—1951. Summing up, It should be stressed that foreign aid within the Marshall's plan and implementation of the four-year period of reconstruction of Austria's economy possible owing to this aid, combined with a successful stabilization policy of 1952—1953, provided foundations for „Austrian economic miracle" of the fifties.

7

Systemowa postawa badawcza a współczesne zjawiska gospodarcze

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Opawski K., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1982

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vol. 14

EN

The article constitutes an attempt at justification of the need of systems approach to the whole economic activity along with its natural context. The point is to find an approach encompassing different aspects of economic life in a manner allowing to create a comprehensive theory of these phenomena. The need of such approach to economic phenomena has its origins both in processes occuring in economic reality and its natural context, and development processes of the science itself. The research approach gained special significance in the contemporary science, and together with it — justification of initial research stages. Increased importance of these problems ensues from far-reaching effects of cognitive fertility of the accepted research concept. The systems approach consisting in a comprehensive approach to the analyzed objects appears to be especially effective today. This approach is a source of many scientific achievements and is deeply rooted in Marx's method. Simultaneously the economic reality on the world scale begins to function as a strongly internally linked system. Apart from that there are problems of ties between economy and man's natural environment with these feedbacks becoming more and more obvious in the recent years. Thus there exists a convergence in development of reality, being an object of interest of theory of economy, and form of research methods. This convergence calls for detailed analysis in the light of growing practical problems and special effectiveness of systems approaches.

8

Gospodarcze znaczenie państwowych systemów zabezpieczenia społecznego w kapitalizmie - przegląd i ocena poglądów

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Hadrowicz T., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1984

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vol. 36

EN

All highly industrialized capitalist countries have at present more or less, but in most cases quite well, developed state systems of social security. In majority of these countries they absorb over 30 per cent of the national income. While accomplishing its main tasks of the social-welfare type they exert, nonetheless, a definite influence on the economic management process. The article contains a review of different views confirming a positive impact of the state social security systems on the capitalist economy, and their economic usefulness. The author is also making an attempt at their evaluation on the basis on an earlier performed and deeper analysis of the economic aspects of functioning of the West German social security system. The final conclusion is that the presented views may be treated as right in most cases as majority of activities within the scope of the state social security systems in capitalism exerts a positive impact on the economic growth process and contribute to weakening of cyclic instability in the capitalist economy.

9

Sektor usług - wybrane problemy metodologiczne

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Szukalski S. M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1984

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vol. 36

EN

One of the most characteristic features of present-day structural changes is development of the service sector. For obvious reasons these problems receive a growing interest of the political economy. The author focusses his attention on some methodological problems connected with analysis of services and resulting from a different treatment of services by the Marxist and bouregois economic sciences. He is critical about some theses of the trisectorlal economy division concept pointing at the necessity of intrasectorial analysis and at asome difficulties connected with analysis of the internal structure of the service sector. The article contains also a list of problems, which in the author's opinion should be studied.

10

Polityka dochodów jako narzędzie walki z inflacją w amerykańskiej teorii ekonomii

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Belka M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1984

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vol. 36

EN

Despite successive failures in its application the incomes policy as a tool in the fight with inflation is an object of animated discussion in the USA both among economic theoreticians and in wide social circles. A comparative analysis performed in the article on two different attitudes to the question of J. K. Calbralth and Milton Friedman allows to state that apart from theoretical differences In the discussion on adaptability of the incomes policy of great significance are ideological differences consisting in different approaches to the most important problems of the contemporary capitalism, its prospects and directions of structural transformations. The article consists of three parts. The first part contains a basic set of information including a definition of the incomes policy and discussion of the most typical ways in which its application is theoretically justified. The second part encompasses presentation of the postwar episodes in application of the incomes pollcy; government "guidelines" from the period 1962-1968, Nixon's New Economic Policy as well as "principles" of procedure in the sphere of wages and prices announced by Jimmy Carter in 1978 and being in force till 1980. Finally, in the third part Calbralth's and Friedman's views are confronted which is followed by summing-up of analysis and formulation of conclusion, and here especially conclusions concerning the character of causes accounting for different views on the analyzed problem.

11

Problem zatrudnienia w pracach Adama Smitha i Dawida Ricarda

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Kwiatkowski E., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1984

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vol. 36

EN

The article deals with analysis of Smith's and Ricardo's opinions on the problem of utilization of labour resources in the capitalist economy against the background of characterization of the epoch and literature of the subject. In the centre of the analysis is the concept of full utilization of labour resources put forward by Smith and accepted by Ricardo. The author advances a thesis that in as much as the concept expressed conditions prevailing in Smith's epoch it, however, failed to correspond to Ricardo's times. That is why Ricardo put forward a thesis of creation of "population surplus" corresponding to conditiona prevailing in his tires, which in the author's opinion is an expression of originality in Ricardo's thoughts although the fact that Ricardo does not reject Smith's concept being so much different in its sense proves his great inconsistence.

12

System partycypacji robotniczej w Republice Federalnej Niemiec

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Rudolf S., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1984

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vol. 36

EN

In the entire period following the Second World War, and especially in the seventies there took place a marked progress in development of industrial democracy in the FRG. This refers mainly to representative forms of this democracy. Workers participation is carried out through factory committees composed of representatives of the whole body of workers, and representatives of employees in supervisory councils and on company boards. With the exception of the metallurgical and coalmining industries where the position of employees and shareholders' representatives is more or loss equalized, in the remaining industries employers occupy by far the most predominant position. Trade unions are situated outside the company but their influence inside the company and, first of all, indirect influence is quite considerable. One of drawbacks in the participation system in the FRG is absence of possibilities for participation of individual employees in making decisions, which causes their dissatisfaction with the existing system.

13

Szacowanie efektywnosci postepu technicznego transferowanego przez kraje rozwijające się

100%

Szpakowski J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1984

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vol. 36

EN

The author presents in the article main problems connected with measuring the effects of import of modern technique making allowances for specific characteristics of developing economics. There are discussed basic methods of the economic calculus as applied in analysis of effectiveness on the transferred technical progress on macro- and microeconomlc scale. Some attention has been also devoted to social aspects generated by import of new technologies through presentation of basic assumptions of the technology assessment concept. Despite quite a vast range of socio-economic methods in measuring the technical progress effectiveness, application of particular measures should be analyzed separately for each Third World country since particular elements of the effectiveness calculus differ from one economy to another.

14

Teoria ewolucji społeczno-ekonomicznej J. A. Schumpetera

100%

Mikosik S., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1985

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vol. 56

EN

The article consists of two parts. The first part presents the main methodological assumptions and characteristics of „Schumpeter's system". The author discusses Schumpeter's conception statics and dynamics, and his theories of innovations and of entrepreneur, his is followed by presentation of J. A. Schumpeter 's views on sources of accumulation and his specific understanding of credit and capital, and of profit and interest-rate categories shown against this background. On the basis of the above analysis, an attempt i ч made in the second part of the article to show Schumpeter's theory of development ns a theory of socio-economic evolution. The author focuses his attention on Schumpeter's considerations concerning gradual evolution of societies and structural changes in the economic process taking place owing to innovations. In the final p a r t of the article, our attention is drawn to certain filiations between J. Schumpeter'«, view« and his contemporary approaches of among others — J. K. Galbraith, R. L. Heilbroner and A. Toffler.

15

Przedmiot ekonomii politycznej w ujęciu polskich ekonomistów liberalnych okresu międzywojennego

100%

Godłów J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1982

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vol. 21

EN

The conceptions of the Polish liberal economists are quite differentiated - starting with the orthodox liberalism of Krzyżanowski and Heydel, through the moderate liberalism of Taylor and Zawadzki, to the distinctly neoliberal concept of the social liberalism of Zweig. This differentiation is already reflected in their approach to the political economy subject. Krzyżanowski and Heydel treat the economy as a science dealing with the principle of efficient management, and in line with the trend prevailing in the burgeois economy they absolutize the technical side of production and fetishize the economic relatione. Taylor criticizes a view that the scope of the political economy is determined by the principle of efficient management, and making reference to Smith he claims, that the economy is a science dealing with the social income. Zweig, on the other hand, shares a view being similar to the Marxist approach when stressing the social character of the economy and calling it even the economic sociology.

16

Problemy rozwoju ekonomicznego w myśli labourzystowskiej

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Kwiatkowski E., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1982

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vol. 22

EN

The article contains a presentation of the views of the labourist thought on the economic development problems. The basic source of materials was provided, on one hand, by the post-war official documents of the Labour Party (programmes, declarations, and election manifestos), and on the other hand, by works of two labourist theoreticians and namely of Richard H. S. Crossman and John Strachey. The object of the analysis are widely understood developmental problems concerning both the attitude taken by the labourist thought with respect to development oi so c ialist states, and its own theoretical concepts of development. An integral element of these concepts is the attitude to capitalism and the attitude towards the essence of socialism. A special emphasis is laid on the evolution of attitudes concerning these problems. The author performs an analysis of not only the views on the above problems as contained in the official documents of the Labour Party, and in the works of R. H. S. Crossman and J. Strachey but he a lso makes an attempt at their confrontation. Unlike the majority of previous works dealing with the labourist thought in the Polish literature of the subject the author places an emphasis on the positive presentation of views although he does not avoid a general assessment of these views either.

17

Mechanizm pełnego zatrudnienia w ujęciu A. C. Pigou — analiza koncepcji i kierunki jej krytyki

100%

Kwiatkowski E., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1985

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vol. 56

EN

The article deals with analysis of one of important aspects in the neo-classic employment theory concerning conditions and mechanisms of full employment in the economy. The analysis is based on works of a leading representative of neo-classicism Arthur Cecil Pigou. The author underlined evolution of Pigou's views on the problem in question influenced by Keynes „revolution", which is expressed in the concept of mechanism of full employment — known as „Pigou's effect" — put forward by A. C. Pigou. Performing a critical analysis of Pigou's theory, the author focusses his attention on four main trends in the critique, and namely: 1) in the part of J. M. Keynes, 2) from the point of the theory of general equilibrium, 3) „Pigou's effect critique", 4) critique of microeconomic foundation of the employment mechanism.

18

Bariery w procesach transferu i absorpcji postępu technicznego w gospodarkach krajów rozwijających się

100%

Szpakowski J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1985

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vol. 56

EN

The article discusses two groups of barriers encountered by economies of the developing countries in processes of technical progress transfer and absorption i.e. brain dram and export as well as import restrictions. Migration of highly qualified manpower from the developing countries to the developed capitalist countries represents a vital factor hampering and impeding socio-economic development in those countries. Main suppliers of highly qualified cadres to the developed countries are the developing countries of Asia with the United States being one of destinations for their emigrants. The causes of migration must be sought both in the policy pursued in this sphere by the developed capitalist countries and in not fully effective performance of the Third World countries. Export and import restrictions are imposed on the developing countries while concluding transactions on purchases of new technologies and know-how by them. The world market of new technologies is controlled, to a vast extent, by highly developed capitalist countries while the main suppliers of new technologies from these countries are big multinational corporations. As a rule, the developing countries do not have adequate knowledge about this market, which does not allow them to choose technologies that might be suitable for them or negotiate the most favorable terms of purchasing these technologies. The restrictions encountered by the developing countries in the process of technology transfer for several years now are countered by specific measures undertaken by these countries and by the United Nations Organization. The UNCTAD Secretariat elaborated a draft of the international Technology Transfer Code in 1975, which envisages an improvement in the terms on which new technologies are to be purchased by the developing countries This drat has not been approved, however, by the main exporters of technologies i.e. by the developed countries, which makes it impossible to introduce the Code into practice. Consequently, in the seventies some countries of the Third World began to introduce a legal regulation of technology import on an individual basis eliminating in this way, at least in part, the unfavorable or detrimental for their economies clauses in agreements on import of technologies. These processes producing advantageous results were initiated only in a small group of the economically stronger countries of the Third World, and as a result the issue of restrictions in import of new technologies continues to be faced by majority of the developing countries.

19

Strukturalne problemy bezrobocia w Republice Federalnej Niemiec

100%

Szukalski S. M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1985

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vol. 56

EN

The analysis performed in this article is focused on size and structure of unemployment in the Federal Republic of Germany since 1973 till the early eighties. The author stresses the fact that although a sharp growth in unemployment in the period under survey should be attributed to deterioration of the business situation and changes in conditions of functioning of the FRG's economy generated by increase in prices of fuels and energy as well as raw materials, some factors indicate that unemployment in this country assumes characteristics of structural unemployment. This is confirmed by analysis of unemployment structure performed with regard to the unemployed age criterion, period of unemployment, its structure according to economic sectors, branches and professions of the unemployed. The author also points at causes of the structural deficit of jobs placing the main emphasis on a drop in investment propensity observed in the FRG's economy in the seventies.

20

Myrdalowska zasada przyczynowości okrężnej, a problem rozwoju gospodarczego krajów słabo rozwiniętych

100%

Kostrzewa-Tomczak T., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1985

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vol. 56

EN

The author makes an attempt at analyzing Myrdal's principle of indirect causality in a close relation to conditions of economic development in countries belonging to the so-called Third World. In the first part of the article, there are presented the main ideas contained in critique of traditional economic approaches to the problem of economic backwardness as performed in numerous works of Myrdal. It is followed by discussion of the mechanism characterizing operation of cumulative indirect processes based on the example of the Negro problem in the United States. The article analyzes also the role attributed by Myrdal to cumulative processes in the economic development of the less-developed countries.

Refine search results

Uchwalenie „ustawy stabilizacyjnej" — początkiem stosowania polityki „globalnego sterowania" w RFN

Reprezentacja międzynarodowych ekonomicznych grup interesów w Europejskiej Wspólnocie Gospodarczej

Procesy międzynarodowej koncentracji i kooperacji firm w teorii oraz w praktyce wspólnej polityki przemysłowej EWG

Społeczno-ekonocniczne warunki wzrostu produkcji rolnej w Indiach

Problem dzisiejszej Ameryki: ubóstwo pośród obfitości

Realizacja planu Marshalla a wzrost gospodarczy Republiki Austrii w latach 1945—1953

Systemowa postawa badawcza a współczesne zjawiska gospodarcze

Gospodarcze znaczenie państwowych systemów zabezpieczenia społecznego w kapitalizmie - przegląd i ocena poglądów

Sektor usług - wybrane problemy metodologiczne

Polityka dochodów jako narzędzie walki z inflacją w amerykańskiej teorii ekonomii

Problem zatrudnienia w pracach Adama Smitha i Dawida Ricarda

System partycypacji robotniczej w Republice Federalnej Niemiec

Szacowanie efektywnosci postepu technicznego transferowanego przez kraje rozwijające się

Teoria ewolucji społeczno-ekonomicznej J. A. Schumpetera

Przedmiot ekonomii politycznej w ujęciu polskich ekonomistów liberalnych okresu międzywojennego

Problemy rozwoju ekonomicznego w myśli labourzystowskiej

Mechanizm pełnego zatrudnienia w ujęciu A. C. Pigou — analiza koncepcji i kierunki jej krytyki

Bariery w procesach transferu i absorpcji postępu technicznego w gospodarkach krajów rozwijających się

Strukturalne problemy bezrobocia w Republice Federalnej Niemiec

Myrdalowska zasada przyczynowości okrężnej, a problem rozwoju gospodarczego krajów słabo rozwiniętych