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Problemy społeczne Galicji Zachodniej w początkach II Rzeczypospolitej (wybrane zagadnienia)

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Przeniosło M., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2013

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vol. 12

EN

In the first months of the regained independence Polish lands experienced serious social and economic problems. So it was in Western Galicia. The most urgent issues were to secure food supplies and take organized care of the people who found themselves in a difficult situation (poverty, unemployment). In Western Galicia the responsibility for social assistance was largely taken by the Polish Liquidation Committee which closely collaborated on a number of issues with local governments and various organizations. The main obstacles in providing active assistance were limited financial resources and the difficulties in gathering the required amount of food. Despite the rather serious food shortages in West Galicia there were no cases of prolonged shortages of basic foodstuffs, such that could jeopardize life and health of the public on a larger scale. The disorganized labor market needed a lot of intensive initiative. Similarly to other Polish lands, at the beginning of independence Western Galicia had to face high crime rate. It partly resulted from the weakening of the security service and the ineffectiveness of judicial authorities. Another issue which destabilized the social order were ethnic conflicts.

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Geislerowie z Wyczerp Dolnych – przemysłowcy czy ziemianie?

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Majcher-Ociesa E., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2010

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vol. 07

EN

The Geisler family was a Jewish family of industrialists who owned “Paulina” Glass Works, “Julianów” Cotton Factory in Częstochowa as well as an estate in Wyczerpy Dolne. Izydor Geisler purchased the estate in the early 1890s in order to open there glass works (which he did in 1896). Natural resources (such as sand or clay) found in the estate constituted the foundation for the investment whereas natural produce supported the development of the plant. Not much attention was paid to agriculture. Geisler introduced innovative solutions in the relations between an industrial worker and an employer. By allocating a piece of land or food allowance to each laborer, and allowing them to breed cows in estate cow-houses, Geisler taught them how to provide for themselves and how to become independent from economic trends. There was no single economic strike in the glass works. Following the death of Izydor Geisler, the heirs did not manage to continue their father’s vision. The works were closed in 1927.

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Wkład ziemiaństwa w rozwój przemysłu cukrowniczego w województwie kieleckim w latach 1918–1939

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Słabińska E., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2010

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vol. 07

EN

In the interwar period only every sixth estate in the Kielce Province was industrialized. The gentry specialized in agriculture and food-processing industry; however, those fields did not constitute the majority due to the size of plants, their equipment and employment rate. The only exception was sugar industry. Sugar factories “Częstocice”, “Łubna”, “Szreniawa” and “Rytwiany” were established in the 19th century (“Włostów” at the beginning of the 20th century) on the initiative of the gentry who wanted to process raw material produced in their estates. In time, small plants changed into joint stock companies. As in previous years, landlords were not only engaged in the production of the raw material but also became main shareholders of companies as well as members of their management boards, sharing their knowledge and social position. At the same time, they benefited a lot from those activities. Over time, the role they played diminished as their position was gradually taken over by industry and bank capital. Many former shareholders withdrew completely from sugar industry; others kept a small number of shares losing decisive powers in managing companies. Some landlords limited their relation with sugar factories to entering into plantation contracts. However, there is no doubt that they managed to interest local farms in the production of raw materials.

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Wątki dotyczące przemysłu na łamach „Ziemianina” i „Głosu Ziemiańskiego” 1917–1920

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Przeniosło M., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2010

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vol. 07

EN

“Ziemianin” and “Głos Ziemiański” were the periodicals for the landowners. The first of them was published in the years 1917–1919 and was a monthly, the second appeared in 1920, three times a month. Both magazines had the same editor – Józef Janota Bzowski. The editorial staff of the periodicals realized that the landowners are mainly interested in the problems which are directly connected with agriculture. However, they also inserted other information, among them the questions concerning industry. Some branch of industry were preferable to other. Undoubtedly, the branch which are directly connected with agriculture: sugar industry, production of artificial fertilizers and production of farm machinery were preferable. However, the periodicals also published the papers concerning other branch of industry, even heavy industry. A certain number of articles referred to questions connected with electrification and necessity of developing of communication, especially a railway. Some papers concerning industry which inserted in both magazines were articles from other periodicals. Most often the articles coming from “Gazeta Rolnicza” were used.

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Konstanty Wolicki (1792 – ok. 1860). Ziemianin – przemysłowiec – polityk

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Szczepański J., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2010

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vol. 07

EN

Not much is known about the personal life of Konstanty Wolicki. His life and career essentially came to an end after the November uprising, his property was confiscated, and he was marginalized from contemporary life. The work of historians has been hindered by the fact that he did not leave many documents after his death. War damage, particularly in relation to tax records, has also had an effect on the poverty of sources. Wolicki’s life was divided into three areas of activity – estate management (about which we know the least), industrial activity (the most effective) and high politics, where he met with cata-strophe. A catastrophe that was shared with the defeat of the Polish campaign for independence. The scale of Wolicki’s business ventures was impressive. He was engaged in the extraction and smelting of zinc, the extraction of coal, salt production and the building of a salt-works in Ciechocinek. He acquired a state monopoly and traded in zinc, and also tried to reactivate the Olkusz mines. In addition to this, he represented the Kingdom of Poland on challenging trade missions – in negotiations for the purchase of salt, British machines, loans, the employment of specialists – and on scientific missions (methods for prospecting salt and foreign technology in mining and metallurgy). His activities also throw a lot of light on the economic policy of the time, and in particular the person at the helm – Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki. It is hard not to notice that, as in the case of his powerful protector – Lubecki, the November uprising ended the career of Konstanty Wolicki, and also his successful business ventures.

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Zaangażowanie rodziny Pusłowskich w rozwój przemysłu na Litwie i w Królestwie Polskim w XIX i w początkach XX wieku

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Oettingen U., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2010

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vol. 08

EN

The aim of this article is to show the aristocratic and gentry activity of the Pusłowski family in economic field with special regard to industry. The Pusłowski family came from Lithuania. They achieved great importance owing to Wojciech Pusłowski (1762–1833) who strengthened the financial and social status of the family by managing the economic affairs. With his activity in the first half of the 19th century he laid the foundations for development of agricultural, food, timber, paper, mineral, textile and leather industry on the territory of Lithuania. He founded brickyards, sawmills, cloth factories, papermills, mills, breweries, tar plants, distilleries, tanneries, turpentine factories and he also built roads. He dealt with trade on a large scale. He used to it water communication: the River Niemen and its tributaries. He brought modern machines to his factories. In production he used the natural resources of Lithuania, especially the abundance of forests. The most well-known centres included paper factory in Kuczkuryszki, cloth factory in Chomsk and the factory with its settlement in Albertynin in the vicinity of Słonim, which produced cloth, carpets, linen and hardware. One of his five sons, Władysław (1801–1859), followed in his father’s footsteps. He inherited the most important factories and a gift for managing the economic affairs. In the enclosed Annex II there were presented fragments of letters from 1859 which were addressed to him. In them his plenipotentiaries informed him exactly of economic and financial affairs of his property. Carrying on their industrial activity in Lithuania, in the middle of the 19th century the Pusłowski family bought lands on the territory of the Kingdom of Poland in Warsaw and Czarkowy on the River Nida. In Czarkowy at the beginning of the 1870s they built a modern plant to smelt sulphur from the ore that was found in the area. At the beginning of the 20th century the Pusłowski family also owned ironworks in Chlewiska. Economic activity of the family was marked most of all in Lithuania. Not without reason Wojciech Pusłowski was recognized as the pioneer of its industrialization.

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Militaria w pismach Łukasza Górnickiego

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Bołdyrew A., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2008

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vol. 82

EN

This study deals with military accessories in XVIth century Poland in the light of historiographical relations, that is things and matters connected with an army, military services (an emphasis was put on accessories used by a soldier). The study is based on two works by L. Górnicki Dworzanin polski and Dzieje w Koronie Polskiej. Ł. Górnicki (1527-1603) was a courtier of bishops S. Maciejowski and A. Zebrzydowski, an envoy to Vienna and even a secretary of king Sigismund 11 August. Weapon knowledge systematics was preserved in the work, that is a division into offensive and defensive weapon and military equipment. Among offensive weapon L. Górnicki mentioned sabres which became more and more popular in XVlth century in Poland. It is worth mentioning that both swords and knives producers were applying for the right to produce the sabres. Another offensive weapon was a "hauswehre” - sword numbered by the contemporary of those days, just like a sabre, among fighting knives. This kind of weapon was cheap and easily available. Ł. Górnicki described an unfortunate accident which took place during a shooting show and in the time of Sigismund II August s visit at Prussian duke’s. In this description the author mentioned a sephelin. It was as a short spear with a big spearhead and spearshaft bound with leather bands. There is also a remark on trench mortars and problems faced by gunner who obviously did not know parabolic theory of bullet lead. Górnicki described also several tournaments organized at the king's court, for instance the one in 1533 or in 1539. It is possible to find not only descriptions of tournament customs (e.g. hasliludium hussaronicum) but also armament, mainly protective. Górnicki also noticed personal participation of Sigismund II August in knights’ struggles and he described fighting horses, which mirrors the role of horses in life of noblemen especially an army in Renaissance Poland. It was emphasized that people risked their life to capture horses which was frequently criticized but not abandoned. Ł. Gôrnicki’s account can be highly valued especially that he himself was for many years a courtier and a secretary of Sigismund II August so he knew the described reality very well. Historiographical sources - in contrast to economic sources - remark not only on the object itself but they also place it in a cultural context, which expands our knowledge of material culture history and historical weapon knowledge.

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Finanse Rady Głównej Opiekuńczej i jej struktur terenowych w latach 1918–1921

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Przeniosło M., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2013

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vol. 11

EN

Central Welfare Council [CWC] was formed in December 1915 in Warsaw. Its activities covered part of the Kingdom of Poland, which, after the dislodged of Russian’s army from this area, was occupied by the Germans. In Polish lands, it was one of the largest social self-organization. It had mainly to provide support to people in difficult circumstances in life. Self-help organizations are characteristic of the years of World War I, but the CWC continues its mission even after Poland regained its independence. The „new” CWC quickly developed a network of local structures in the former Austrian occupation. After Poland regained its independence, the CWC’s founds the majority came from subsidies provided by the state. The most significant were the grants of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, support also followed from other ministries, especially the Ministry of Public Health. Some of the regional structures received support from local governments, especially district councils. CWC some of its resources received also tkanks to the generosity of the public, although it was lower than during the war. The detection of financial shortcoming caused the unfriendly atmosphere around the CWC and resulted in the decision of dissolving, which was taken at the session of the Council of Ministers in 8.12.1920.

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Wykorzystanie programów Quantum GIS i SAGA GIS do budowy cyfrowego modelu wysokościowego zlewni Grajcarka

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Wałek G., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica

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2013

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issue 14

PL

W artykule przedstawiono możliwości opracowania cyfrowego modelu wysokościowego (CMW) w formie rastra o rozdzielczości przestrzennej 5 m dla zlewni potoku Grajcarek, której powierzchnia wynosi 85 km2 . CMW stworzono na podstawie digitalizacji poziomic z mapy topograficznej w skali 1:10 000, z użyciem oprogramowania typu Open-Source GIS – Quantum GIS i SAGA GIS. Opisano procedurę tworzenia modelu, rozpoczynając od wektoryzacji treści mapy topograficznej, przez wybór metody interpolacji, kończąc na preprocessingu, prowadzącym do uzyskania poprawności hydrologicznej modelu. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na niedoskonałości tworzonego CMW, wynikające z zastosowania różnych metod interpolacji. Pomimo iż budowa CMW zgodnie z opisaną procedurą jest bardzo czasochłonna, to stanowi często jedyną możliwość pozyskania dokładnego modelu wysokościowego małych zlewni lub innych jednostek przestrzennych, który umożliwiałby przeprowadzanie szczegółowych analiz hydrologicznych, geomorfologicznych lub innych interpretacji.

EN

In this paper use of 1:10 000 scale topographic maps and open-source GIS software to build Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 5-meters resolution was analysed. DEM was built from contour lines vectorised in Quantum GIS using five different interpolation methods available in SAGA GIS: Ordinary Kriging, Ordinary Kriging with Block Kriging, Thin Plate Spline (Local), Thin Plate Spline (TIN), Multilevel B-Spline Interpolation. Special attention was given to the accuracy of DEM's built with those methods. DEM's were analyzed by crossvalidation of their surface with elevation points vectorised from topographic maps, which were not used in DEM interpolations. Correctness of generated drainage network was also investigated. Although construction of DEM in presented way is very time-consuming, it is often the only way to build highresolution DEM of small catchments or other spatial units, which could be used in largescale hydrological or geomorphological modeling

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Towarzystwo Pedagogiczne we Lwowie w latach 1868–1906 (wybrane zagadnienia)

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Przeniosło M., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2014

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vol. 13

EN

Founded in 1868 the Pedagogical Society in Lviv was a professional-scientific association of the Galician teachers. The Society dealt with the development of education (especially elementary), teachers’ subsistence, their self-education and professional development. Among the members of the organization were also representatives of other communities, especially those interested in the improvement of the educational system in Galicia. The main office in Lviv supervised the local branches whose number grew rapidly. In 1868 there were already 19 branches established. According to the data from the 1871/1872 school year, the Society had 2,500 members. The organization published its own weekly entitled „School”. In 1906 it was decided to change the name – the Pedagogical Society was transformed into the Polish Pedagogical Society. Thus, the national character of the organization was defined more clearly. However, at that time the Ukrainian teachers had already created their own association in Eastern Galicia. The Polish Pedagogical Society existed until 1921.

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Rola pól doświadczalnych w rozwoju rolnictwa Królestwa Polskiego i ziem zabranych w XIX i początkach XX wieku

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Biały H., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Zeszyty Wiejskie

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2013

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vol. 18

EN

In the 19th and early 20th century the Polish Kingdom underwent many important changes that influenced the development of its agricultural economy. Those changes included the introduction for cultivation of new varieties of plants nd changes in the methods of soil fertilization. Agrotechnical progress would have been impossible without organizing experimental fields which played an important role in the lives of the farmers concerned. This article attempts to demonstrate that field experiments were conducted in the Polish Kingdom and the lands removed from its territory in the 19th and early 20th century. It describes the space devoted to this type of experiments as well as the organizers of these important agronomic projects. The article also presents Instrukcja dla doświadczeń polowych (“Instructions for field trials”) divided into two parts. The first part introduces the general principles followed in setting up experimental fields, while the second part refers to the use of chemical fertilizers. Works carried out on various fields, namely: the choice of location, soil testing, fertilization, sowing, weeding and collection of crops are also discussed.

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Plebania, dwór i wieś guberni kieleckiej w świetle wspomnień księdza Adama Włosińskiego (1912–1917)

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Toporski A., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach

Zeszyty Wiejskie

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2013

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vol. 18

13

Świat książek Michała Rawity-Witanowskiego

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Szperna T., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach; Filia w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim; Wydział Filologiczno-Historyczny; Instytut Filologii Polskiej

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum

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1997

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vol. 07

14

Paradygmat dwoistości jako perspektywa widzenia świata i człowieka

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Kaliszewska M., Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Małgorzata Kaliszewska — adiunkt w Zakładzie Pedagogiki Zdrowia i Kultury Fizycznej Wydziału Pedagogicznego i Artystycznego Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach. Specjalizuje się w dydaktyce szkolnej i akademickiej oraz teorii wychowania, Małgorzata Kaliszewska — PhD in the humanities a. p. a. t. D. o. H. a. P. E. P. a. t. F. o. P. a. A. a. t. J. K. U. i. K. S. i. s. a. u. d. a. t. t. o. e.

Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne

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2015

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vol. 1

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issue 1

PL

Celem szkicu jest charakterystyka paradygmatu dwoistości, stanowiącego „nowego typu złożoność, obecną w konkretnych tekstach ważnych dla teorii i praktyki społecznej” (Witkowski 2013: 44) o źródłach głównie socjologicznych (Merton, Elias). Lech Witkowski stawia tezę, iż pedagogika dzięki temu paradygmatowi „osiągnęła możliwość bycia dyscypliną dojrzałą, która będzie mogła sprostać możliwości dyskursu i badań” (tamże: 64) i ilustruje jego przydatność w pedagogice analizami dorobku ważnych międzywojennych polskich pedagogów. Paradygmat dwoistości nie jest tożsamy z postmodernistycznym relatywizmem moralnym i nie deprecjonuje świata wartości. Może nawet być podstawą etyczności tam, gdzie „istnieje pole oscylacji między wartościami przeciwstawnymi, a mimo to obligującymi (Maliszewski 2013: 41). Szczególnie przydatna może być ta perspektywa w pedeutologii i dydaktyce szkoły wyższej, dzięki wyposażeniu studentów w zdolność dostrzegania i akceptowania ambiwalencji ich przyszłych ról zawodowych jako cechy sytuacji wychowawczych oraz składnika ich kultury intelektualnej.

EN

The aim of the paper is to describe the paradigm of duality being „a new type of complexity, present in specific texts that are important both for theory and social practice” (Witkowski 2013:44) and having mainly social roots (Merton, Elias). Lech Witkowski argues that pedagogy, thanks to the said paradigm, „has become capable of being a mature discipline which will be able to handle discourse and research” (Witkowski 2013: 64) and illustrates its usefulness for pedagogy by analyzing the major achievements of the Polish inter-war pedagogues. The paradigm of duality is not identical with the postmodern moral relativism and does not depreciate the world of values. It may even constitute the core of ethics where „there is a space for oscillation between conflicting and yet obligating values” (Maliszewski, 2013:41). This approach may be particularly useful in pedeutology and academic teaching, since it can provide students with an ability to perceive and accept the ambivalence of their future professional roles as being a feature of educational circumstances and a component of their intellectual culture.

Refine search results

Problemy społeczne Galicji Zachodniej w początkach II Rzeczypospolitej (wybrane zagadnienia)

Geislerowie z Wyczerp Dolnych – przemysłowcy czy ziemianie?

Wkład ziemiaństwa w rozwój przemysłu cukrowniczego w województwie kieleckim w latach 1918–1939

Wątki dotyczące przemysłu na łamach „Ziemianina” i „Głosu Ziemiańskiego” 1917–1920

Konstanty Wolicki (1792 – ok. 1860). Ziemianin – przemysłowiec – polityk

Zaangażowanie rodziny Pusłowskich w rozwój przemysłu na Litwie i w Królestwie Polskim w XIX i w początkach XX wieku

Militaria w pismach Łukasza Górnickiego

Finanse Rady Głównej Opiekuńczej i jej struktur terenowych w latach 1918–1921

Wykorzystanie programów Quantum GIS i SAGA GIS do budowy cyfrowego modelu wysokościowego zlewni Grajcarka

Towarzystwo Pedagogiczne we Lwowie w latach 1868–1906 (wybrane zagadnienia)

Rola pól doświadczalnych w rozwoju rolnictwa Królestwa Polskiego i ziem zabranych w XIX i początkach XX wieku

Plebania, dwór i wieś guberni kieleckiej w świetle wspomnień księdza Adama Włosińskiego (1912–1917)

Świat książek Michała Rawity-Witanowskiego

Paradygmat dwoistości jako perspektywa widzenia świata i człowieka