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Estimation of Measurement Error Using Local Sampling and Joint Nonparametric Linearisation

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Górkiewicz M., University J.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2002
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vol. 162
EN
This paper presents how to use the near neighbours technique in aim to transform a given data set (Z, X, YT) of size N into a set of J ~ N local samples (Z, X), with restrictions on minimal number К of members in each local sample and on maximal difference of Y inside each local sample, where Z plays role of an outcome, X is an independent variable, and Y1 - (Y ..., YL) is a vector of L supplementary continuous variables. Then the procedure for non-parametric joint linearisation of an obtained set of local samples was proposed. The whole proposed method was applied to estimation of models with standard deviation of measurements as outcome Z and measured value as independent variable X. The paper was inspired by difficulties with estimation of the measurement error, which often occur in medicine, if accuracy of a measurement procedure depends on some properties of patient. Nevertheless, the proposed approach seems to be more general. It can be useful in many analyses of observational studies, which aim to estimate a family of the functions, preferable the linear ones, instead a single multivariate model.
PL
Praca prezentuje zastosowanie techniki najbliższych sąsiadów w celu przekształcenia zbioru N danych postaci (Z, X, YT) w zbiór J ~ N prób lokalnych (Z, X), przy ograniczeniach dotyczących minimalnej liczby danych К oraz różnic wartości YT w każdej próbie lokalnej, gdzie Z pełni rolę zmiennej zależnej, X - zmiennej niezależnej, a Y1 = (Y, ..., YL) jest L-wymiarową zmienną dodatkową. Następnie proponuje się procedurę nieparametrycznej łącznej linearyzacji zbioru prób lokalnych. Obie procedury proponuje się stosować do oceny dokładności metod pomiarowych, z odchyleniem standardowym błędu pomiarów jako zmienną Z i wielkością mierzoną jako zmienną X. Proponowane podejście może być użyteczne w innych zastosowaniach, kiedy zamiast modelu regresji wielowymiarowej estymuje się rodzinę zależności regresyjnych.
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How Much Do We Learn about Hallucinations from Thought-Experiments?

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Szelegieniec J. H., University J.
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
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2015
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vol. 30
EN
The idea that our sensory experience cannot serve as a ground for knowledge lingers on within philosophical thinking from its very beginning. Since even the ancient sceptics argued against the possibility of knowledge based on sense perception due to its potentially illusory or hallucinatory character, it seems reasonable to address the issue of hallucination itself. The purpose of this paper is to discuss upon the philosophical account of hallucination present in current debates. I will mainly work on the so-called ‘argument from hallucination’ which provides a prevalent objection both against the direct realism theory of perception, and externalist theories of content of experience. My primary intention will be to single out the ontological claims concerning hallucinatory experience that constitute the core of the argument from hallucination. Moreover, the legitimacy of philosophical theses concerning hallucination will be discussed both by means of philosophical analysis, and in the light of chosen empirical findings.
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Reception of British and American english by Polish students

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Krzanowska L., Niżegorodcew A., University J.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica
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1990
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vol. 024
DE
Chapter Eight
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The Comic Image of the Courtly Love Ideals in Le Morte D’Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory

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Mrówka A., University J., Aleksandra Mrówka is a doctoral candidate at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow w. s. i. a. m. o. t. D. o. t. t. a. s.-C. B. L. a. C. i. t. I. o. E. P. E. m. r.
Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre
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2014
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vol. 2
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issue 1
EN
The Arthurian legends have fascinated and inspired people for ages. Le Morte D’Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory is one of the best compilations of the stories about King Arthur and his peers. This romance deals with the enchanting world of knightly rituals and the ideals of the chivalric code. It is not a typical romance blindly glorifying the medieval world, though. Written in the time when these ideals are passing, the prose is dominated on the one hand, by melancholy and sentiment, but on the other, by irony and ambiguity. Malory seems to question the chivalric code through inconsistencies of his characters’ behaviour, and absurdity of some situations they are involved in. The paper will focus on the ambivalent and comic picture of the courtly love ideals in Malory’s prose. The main source of failure of some of the Arthurian knights in this aspect of knightly life is the clash between the real chivalric practice and the imagined ideals they pursue.
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Phonaesthetic Phonological Iconicity in Literary Analysis Illustrated by Angela Carter’s “The Bloody Chamber”

63%
Gwóźdź M., University J., Maja Gwóźdź is a BA student at the Jagiellonian University C. H. a. i. i. m. d. p.
Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre
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2014
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vol. 2
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issue 2
EN
The article offers a phonosemantic analysis of Angela Carter’s “The Bloody Chamber.” The phonosemantic investigation has been based on the corpus of nineteen relevant sound-related descriptions of the sea. Although most excerpts identified contain aural metaphors and are not phonologically iconic per se, there seem to exist at least three fragments which are particularly interesting from a phonosemantic point of view. Most notably, phonaesthemes /gl/, /l/, /r/ have been found to carry substantial meaning contributing to the overall interpretation of the story in question. Accounting for the inevitable subjectivity concerning iconicity, and in this case phonological iconicity, a few theories are presented in order to support the author’s reading of each phonaestheme’s contextual significance. The paper briefly reviews the chronological development of the field of phonosemantics and then combines the aural images theory (proposed by Richard Rhodes) with the “aural semiotic process” theory (the term coined by the author). Each analysis is further supplemented with scholarly views on respective phonaesthemes. On the whole, the paper does not aim to polemicize with the well-established definition of a phoneme and its generally accepted arbitrariness. Nevertheless, it has been observed that a speculative phonosemantic analysis of a literary work may yield noteworthy results.
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