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1
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Przyczyny zawodnego/niezawodnego działania decydenta i wykonawcy decyzji

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Rusinek J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 13
EN
The article describes main factors determining effectiveness of the decision-making process. The author analyzes possible variants of making a decision and obtaining post-decieional effects depending on (quantitative and qualitative values) of time, information, decision-making techniques, and predispositions of decision-making subjects.
2
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Ustalanie optymalnej wielkości parku maszynowego (z uwzględnieniem rezerw) dla osiągnięcia wymaganej sprawności procesu produkcyjnego

100%
Pabiniak-Kujawa B., Rusinek J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 13
EN
The article discusses the simulation method of determining optimal size of the machine stock. The calculating 'procedure was divided into two stages. In the first stage there is defined the structure of the existing stock being optimal for securing continuity of the production process. In the second stage the obtained number of machines is being verified according to the real working time and characteristics of dependable operation of these machines. As a result, in the second stage there are obtained optimal levels of reserves for particular machine groups, which should ensure high efficiency of the production process.
3
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Scentralizowany bank informacji o programach i systemach APD

100%
Lipiński C., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 13
EN
While striving to increase economic effectiveness of automatic data processing systems working for economic units there should be avoided excessive costs of programming these systems through application, to a possibly wide extent, of already existing solutions, and - first of all - of standard programme packages. Accordingly there arises a need for a properly constructed information system furnishing designers and programmers of automatic data processing systems with data about these programmes, which owing to their universal character may be utilized by more than one user. The article discusses requirements which such a system should meet.
4
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Zastosowanie symulacji do badania niezawodności procesu produkcyjnego na przykładzie przemysłu jedwabniczego

100%
Pabiniak-Kujawa B., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 13
EN
The article deals with the problem of applying the simulation method in creating a reserve of production machinery and equipment, which will make it possible to ensure a desired level of the production process efficiency. The computation was performed on the data for Payon Industry Company using a programme written in ALGOL ICL 1900 language on the Odra 1304 electronic digital machine.
5
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Modelowanie systemów informacyjnych

100%
Hausman H., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 13
EN
The article discusses selected problems in methodology of designing comprehensive information systems. Main emphasis has been laid on modelling of information systems for companies. Presentation of bases for construction of models and description of their main types provides a basis allowing the author to draw conclusions concerning their application. Modelling of information systems is treated as one of stages in designing information systems.
6
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Standaryzacja projektowania systemów APD jako sposób obniżenia kosztów komputeryzacji

100%
Hausman H., Lipiński C., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 13
EN
While introducing automatic data processing systems in economic units in accordance with the principle of rational economy the attempts should be made at achieving the set goals through possibly lowest input of resources and material means. Costs connected with designing and programming the system represent an essential component of this input. They may be considerably decreased if designers employ standard symbols, documentation, and names throughout the whole period of the system's development and exploitation, while programmers use a single selected language in programming, the available software packages, programme modules or complete programmes. Such unification of automatic data processing systems will allow to construct integrated systems of an industrial branches management, the elements of which would be automatic data processing systems of particular companies. It would, moreover, allow to use effectively gualified computer scientists employed in branch designing centres.
7
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Korzystanie przez miejską ludność w starszym wieku z usług rejonowego lecznictwa ogólnego w Łodzi

100%
Wiśniewska-Suchecka J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 23
EN
The article contains ananalys is of the Influence of the main demographic factors (sex and age) on the utilization by elderly people in Łódź of services provided by local public health-care units. The analysis was based on empirical data obtained through researches conducted in 1978 with in the framework of the centrally sponsored research project on "Needs of Elderly People in the Sphere of Health Protection". The research findings showed that district general clinics are quite regularly visited by elderly people. On the average, every third person visiting an internist in a district clinic was over 60 years of age with women representing the majority of outpatients. Patients aged from 65 to 69 accounted for the biggest number of medical consultations. On the other hand, elderly people were visiting outpatients’ clinics about six times a year. As compared with the above figures the average number of home calls did not exceed, with doctors visiting double the number of women than men at their homes. In the sample of persons of sixty and more years of age home calls represented about 20 p.c. of all medical consultations. Determination of the in fluence exerted by factors shaping the fulfilled demand will constitute a basis in forecasting the future trends.
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Korzystanie z usług podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej przez ludność w starszym wieku

100%
Malarska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 23
EN
The paper is an attempt at analysis of medical services provided by a random sample of urban district outpatients clinics in the administrative provinces of Kalisz and Włocławek to elderly patients over a period of one year as compared with the number of medical services provided for the adults. Against the demographic structure of the sample according to sex and territorial differentiation there is analyzed the structure of medical consultations (home calls and clinical consultations) in relation to sex and age of patients, then to particular administrative provinces, and finally the reare analyzed the average numbers of the discussed medical services within the same system. This analysis ends with a comparative analysis of the average frequency with which patients of under and over sixty years of age were benefitting from medical consultations as compared with younger patients.
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Analiza dochodów emerytów według wieku i płci w Polsce w latach 1974-1976

100%
Domańska M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 23
EN
The article presents an attempt at definition of changes in the level of incomes of the retired people in comparison with the distribution of wages of people employed in the socialized economy. Description of these changes was performed according to age and sex in a dynamic approach for the period of 1974-1976. The analysis of the obtained distributions both theoretical and empirical allows to formulate the following conclusions: 1. The level of the average pension in the period of 1974-1976 is considerably lower than the average wage of the employed in the socialized economy (both of women and men). The aver age pension represented less than 50 per cent of the average wage. 2. Proportions between wages and pensions in the examined years did not undergo any bigger changes, 3. With these trends remaining unchanged it should be expected that the ratio between the average wages and the average old-age pensions may constitute an important factor promoting increased professional activity of elderly people.
10
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Korzystanie z pomocy poradni ogólnych na wsi a wiek i płeć pacjentów (na przykładzie wybranych ośrodków zdrowia)

100%
Stępień C., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 23
EN
The article contains the analysis of selected findings of researches on the frequency of visits in general medical departments of selected health-care units. The author presents distributions of frequency of clinical consultations and home calls according to the sex of patients. The value of the mean number of clinical consultations and home calls was estimated for specific age groups of men and women. Apart from that the author presents the structure of patients and the total number of consultations provided for them according to their age. This made possible estimation of the time allocated by physicians for elderly people.
11
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Postępy procesu starzenia się ludności Polski do roku 2000

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Nowakowska B., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 23
EN
The article analyzes the demographic forecast in the area of the population's aging process in Poland. There are discussed in it the predicted changes in the number of the population aged 65 and more, and its structure according to sex, age, and the dwelling place (town-country). The analysis of the progressive process of the population’s aging as predicted for the future is preceded by the estimation of this phenomenon in the past, i.e. over the years 1950-1975. The entire analysis is closed with a comparison between the degree of progress in thé aging process of Poland's population and the predicted situation in other countries.
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Wykształcenie a poziom i struktura wydatków ludności w starszym wieku

100%
Zarzycka Z., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1982
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vol. 23
EN
Changes in the level of education of the population occuring in the contemporary Polish society pose a requirement of including this process in to forecasting studies concerning the population’s needs. The article aims at presentation of finding of researches conducted within the framework of the Key Research Project No. 11.5 on the impact of the educational background on the volume and structure of consumer spending in the case of the older fraction of the society. The analysis encompassed budgets of households run by the retired people, which were the object of studies carried out by the Chief Statistical Office in the years 1974 and 1976, and - for comparative purposes - budge ts of households run by people employed in the socialized economy. There was performed the statistical analysis and were estimated parameters of the demand function, in which incomes, age, and educational background of the "head" of the family were treated as independent variables. The results produced by the analysis showed that the income level of a household represented a factor differentiating most strongly the volume and structure of the consumer spending. The educational background appeared to play a less significant role in families of the retired than in families of the people professionally active in the national economy. Nevertheless it is a factor which should be reckoned with in programmes concerning the consumer demand also due to its indirect in fluence - through increase of the population's incomes.
13
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Demograficzna uwarunkowania reprodukcji potencjalnych zasobów pracy w Polsce w latach 1950-1960

100%
Nowakowska B., Obraniak W., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1986
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vol. 51
EN
The article contains an analysis of changes in size and structure of Poland's population in the working age between 1950 and 1980. The data base for this analysis were four postwar population censuses in 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1978, as well as current statistics. The analysis is focused on the influence exerted by three basic demographic processes i.e. defeminization process, population aging ргосеss, and urbanization process on changes in structure of labor resources and their reproduction. It ends with a balance of population in the working age, and of special cognitive value are coefficients of replacement of labour resources leaving their working age with resources entering this population group contained in the balance. The performed analysis of changes in basic demographic processes and their impact on size and structure of reproduction of potential labour resources allowed to reveal certain regularities, which should be taken into account while formulating principles of perspective employment policy.
14
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Aktywność zawodowa ludności w Polsce

100%
Nowakowska B., Obraniak W., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1987
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vol. 66
15
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Potencjalne zasoby pracy w perspektywie roku 2000

100%
Nowakowska B., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1987
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vol. 66
16
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Wpływ wybranych czynników na wielkość i zróżnicowanie indeksów cen towarów i usług konsumpcyjnych

100%
Czajkowski A., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2002
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vol. 156
EN
The paper deals with the analysis of the reasons of the differences between goods and services (living costs) price indices. The assumption on which it is based is the fact that there are no grounds to reject hypothesis that the change in the living costs of households is the result of the differences in this population with respect to certain socio-economic, demographic and territorial attributes. The period of the investigation covers the years 1980-1996. The set of factors whose influence on the dynamics of living costs is investigated, comprises socioprofessional group, household income, household size and household location as well as the age and education of household head. The analysis was carried out in two directions i.e. the influence of the chosen factor on the change of prices was observed through appropriate grouping of household, while the assessment of the simultaneous influence of some attributes was made with the help of statistical models, in which living costs index was the explained variable.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę zbadania wpływu wybranych czynników na wielkość i zróżnicowanie indeksów cen towarów i usług konsumpcyjnych. Wpływ wyróżnionego czynnika na zmienność cen oceniany jest poprzez zastosowania odpowiedniego grupowania gospodarstw domowych, natomiast ocena jednoczesnego wpływu ustalonych zmiennych na dynamikę cen towarów i usług przeprowadzona została na podstawie statystycznych modeli indeksów kosztów utrzymania. Analizą objęto lala charakteryzujące się głęboką nierównowagą rynkową i wysoką dynamiką cen towarów i usług (lata osiemdziesiąte) oraz okres względnie zrównoważonego popytu z podażą towarów i usług na rynku, charakteryzujący się stosunkowo umiarkowanym wzrostem ich cen (wybrane lata dziewięćdziesiąte).
17
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Demograficzne i społeczne czynniki aktywności zawodowej ludności

100%
Obraniak W., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1987
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vol. 66
18
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Bootstrapowy test wielokrotny

100%
Parys D., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. E. i. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2002
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vol. 156
EN
In this paper a new multiple test procedure is presented. This procedure is based on the bootstrap technique.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę zastosowania techniki bootstrapowej w testowaniu wielokrotnym. Przy testowaniu wielu hipotez jednocześnie należy zwrócić szczególną uwagę na ogólny poziom istotności definiowany jako prawdopodobieństwo odrzucenia co najmniej jednej prawdziwej hipotezy zerowej. Zaproponowano sekwencyjną procedurę testową służącą do weryfikacji hipotezy o odpowiednim uporządkowaniu średnich w populacjach reprezentowanych przez próby losowe. W procedurze tej zastosowano technikę bootstrapową czyli taką, w której nieznany rozkład zostaje zastąpiony jego empirycznym odpowiednikiem.
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