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Explaining The Prevalence Of The Informal Economy In The Baltics: An Institutional Asymmetry Perspective1

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Williams C. C., Horodnic I. A., Williams C. C. C. C. W., Horodnic I. A. I. A. H., Williams C. C. C. C. W. s. a. u., Horodnic I. A. u. i. a. y. c.

European Spatial Research and Policy

2015

vol. 22

issue 2

Reporting a 2013 Eurobarometer survey of participation in the informal economy across eight Baltic countries, this paper tentatively explains the informal economy from an institutional perspective as associated with the asymmetry between the codified laws and regulations of the formal institutions (state morality) and the norms, values and beliefs of citizens (civic morality). Identifying that this non-alignment of civic morality with the formal rules is more acute when there is greater poverty and inequality, less effective redistribution and lower levels of state intervention in the labour market and welfare, the implications for theorising and tackling the informal economy are then discussed.

Mapping the Shadow Economy: Spatial Variations in the use of High Denomination Bank Notes in Brussels

76%

Dotti N. F., Van Heur B., Williams C. C., Dotti N. F. V. U. B. V., Van Heur B. V. U. B. V., Williams C. C. S. U. M. S., Dotti N. F. N. D. v. a. b., Van Heur B. b. v. a. b., Williams C. C. C. C. W. s. a. u.

European Spatial Research and Policy

2015

vol. 22

issue 1

The aim of this paper is to map the spatial variations in the size of the shadow economy within Brussels. Reporting data provided by the National Bank of Belgium on the deposit of high denomination banknotes across bank branches in the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, the finding is that the shadow economy is concentrated in wealthier populations and not in deprived or immigrant communities. The outcome is a call to transcend the association of the shadow economy with marginalized groups and the wider adoption of this indirect method when measuring spatial variations in the shadow economy.

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2 European Spatial Research and Policy

2 Williams C. C.

2 Williams C. C. C. C. W. s. a. u.

1 Dotti N. F.

1 Dotti N. F. N. D. v. a. b.

1 Dotti N. F. V. U. B. V.

1 Horodnic I. A.

1 Horodnic I. A. I. A. H.

1 Horodnic I. A. u. i. a. y. c.

1 Van Heur B.

1 Van Heur B. V. U. B. V.

1 Van Heur B. b. v. a. b.

1 Williams C. C. C. C. W.

1 Williams C. C. S. U. M. S.

2 2015

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Explaining The Prevalence Of The Informal Economy In The Baltics: An Institutional Asymmetry Perspective1

Mapping the Shadow Economy: Spatial Variations in the use of High Denomination Bank Notes in Brussels