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Strategia i taktyka nawiązywania stosunków dyplomatycznych przez Chińską Republikę Ludową z innymi państwami w latach 1949-1961

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Podlewska S.

Forum Politologiczne

2010

vol. 11 - Chiny i państwa azjatyckie - karty z historii i wyzwania współczesności

111-146

Due to changes in internal and international situation PRC's politics and tactics in the field of international relations was also changing in order to make the country a global power. To achieve this aim, establishing diplomatic relations with other countries was a key assumption of international politics. The author of the article has attempted to analyze the strategy and tactics of normalizingPRC's relations with other countries during the years 1949—1969 and has tried to present how they developed. Another aim of the article has been to present the process of PRC's coming out of the isolation which occurred as a result of the new government's decisions as well as other countries' 'shock' at the establishment of the communist China. The first thirty years of PRC that have been analyzed have been divided into four periods that differed from one another in the aims of home and international politics. The first period is the years 1949-1956. These years were marked by the rebuilding of the country and the growing power of the Communist Party of China (CPC) at home whereas abroad the characteristic of this period was the 'lean-to-one-side' strategy, i.e. alliance with the USSR and new relations with socialist countries, mainly with the countries of Asia. The second period is the years 1957—1960 during which the power of Mao Zedong grew as he got rid of his political opponents. Home and internal politics became more radical. The Republic of China was aiming at becoming a strong international player with powers equal to those of other socialist countries. Another aim was becoming the leader of the countries of the Third World. In the third period (1961—1965) Mao's position became less conspicuous and the country's economic situation improved. Inter-nationally, this period was characterized by the attempts to build a third direction of international politics. PRC was trying to lead in the establishment of the Third World countries' block and become the centre of the world revolution. The most radical and destructive was the fourth period of 1966-1969, i.e. the cultural revolution in¬itiated by Mao. The revolution brought about a disaster in the economic situation. Its other effect was the country's isolation. In order to stop that impasse, PRC finally turned 'right' i.e. towards the capitalist countries. Intensive actions were taken that normalized the relations with those countries. Owing to that flexibility, already in 1970 PRC initiated the process by establishing diplomatic relations with Canada.

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1 Forum Politologiczne

1 2010

1 Podlewska S.

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Strategia i taktyka nawiązywania stosunków dyplomatycznych przez Chińską Republikę Ludową z innymi państwami w latach 1949-1961