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THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNES IN THE GREEN LUNGS OF POLAND REGION IN RELATION TO THE TERRITORIAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE 'NATURA 2000' NETWORK (Poziom rozwoju gospodarczego i spolecznego gmin wiejskich regionu Zielonych

100%

Stanny M.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

2010

issue 1(146)

93-105

The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of social and economic development of rural communes situated in the 'Green Lungs of Poland' region and to present a classification of these communes. The communes have been also divided into groups in accordance with the territorial criterion of the ecological network 'Natura 2000', which permits the authoress to analyse the internal structure of individual groups of communes in relation to the indicator of the level of advancement. Such approach to the problem has led to the formulation of the following general opinions: the level of social-economic advancement, development trends observable in the arrangement centre-peripheries; a high level of ratings of the economic situation is recorded by touristically attractive communes; a higher level of social development is the permanent feature of historical-ethnographic regions (e.g. Kurpie); the interdependence between the level of social development and the level of economic development is stronger in the group of communes with a large proportion of areas covered by the environmental protection network 'Natura 2000'; the class characterised by a low level of social-economic advancement has a higher share in the commuens with a small proporton of areas covered by the 'Natura 2000' network, and the class characerised by a high level of development has a greater share in the group of communes with a large proportion of areas covered by the 'Natura 2000' network.

LEGAL POSITION OF RURAL COMMUNES IN THE PROCEDURE OF DELIMITATION AND PROTECTION OF THE 'NATURA 2000' AREAS (Pozycja prawna gminy wiejskiej w procedurze wyznaczania i ochrony obszarów Natura 2000)

63%

Habuda A.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

2010

issue 1(146)

80-92

The aim of the paper is to present the legal status of a rural commune in the process of formation and protection of the 'Natura 2000' area. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the place of environmental protection in the activity of public authorities, especially of local councils. The second part of the paper presents arguments in favour of distinguishing a rural commune from among other types of communes which in legal terms form a fairly uniform category. The third part deals with the legal essence of the 'Natura 2000' areas and characterises the processes of their formation. The fourth part of the paper describes legal instruments that can be used by communes in dealing with the issue of 'Natura 2000' areas. The participation of communes in the creation of 'Natura 2000' areas is based on planning and advisory instruments. As far as the protection of the already established areas is concerned decision instruments connected with the implementation of definite undertakings play the key role. The executive organ of a commune can participate in this process at the preliminary stage when environmental determinants of a given undertaking are being discussed but it also can be the author of a decision indispensable to implement a definite project. It can also happen that the executive organ of a commune will take no part in the issue of any of the earlier described decisions despite the fact that a project is to be implemented on the territory of that commune. Such situation leads to the question about the position of the executive organ - does it have the legal status of a party? The paper does not cover all aspects of the problem for its aim is to accomplish some sort of systematisation, to introduce some order and to show the problem in a broader perspective.

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2 Wieś i Rolnictwo

2 2010

1 Habuda A.

1 Stanny M.

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THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNES IN THE GREEN LUNGS OF POLAND REGION IN RELATION TO THE TERRITORIAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE 'NATURA 2000' NETWORK (Poziom rozwoju gospodarczego i spolecznego gmin wiejskich regionu Zielonych

LEGAL POSITION OF RURAL COMMUNES IN THE PROCEDURE OF DELIMITATION AND PROTECTION OF THE 'NATURA 2000' AREAS (Pozycja prawna gminy wiejskiej w procedurze wyznaczania i ochrony obszarów Natura 2000)