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Příspěvek ke kritické analýze reálií

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Romaševská K., Lah J.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue Zvláštní číslo 2017
34-47
EN
The paper critically examines the concept “reálie”, used in the context of foreign-language teaching. The first part presents the results of the analysis of theoretical literature and assesses the way “reálie” are understood in selected textbooks. The paper criticizes the structuralist approach to the understanding of the concept “reálie”, which has been dominant in the theoretical literature on the subject. Based on the analysis, a new approach to the concept “reálie” is suggested, which takes into consideration the pragmatic and social-practical aspects that play an important role in communication and in foreign-language teaching. Two fundamental types of “reálie” are recognized, “high” and “low”, which correspond to two different functions: identificational and practical, respectively. The suggested classification reflects the different interests of the participants in the process of foreign-language teaching, i.e. on the one hand foreign students, and on the other teachers of Czech as representatives of the host society.
2
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Metoda jevištního tvaru vyžadující kvalitativní přístup pro měření pokroku jinojazyčných mluvčích

100%
Boccou Kestřánková M.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue Zvláštní číslo 2017
63-87
EN
In this article we introduce a teaching methodology “theatre pedagogy” (“MJT”), which is used in teaching Czech for foreigners. The primary goal of MJT is not only to positively influence the acquisition of language, but also to focus on sociolinguistic, discourse, sociocultural and social and strategic competences. Theatre practices also help students overcome their fear of talking (i.e. reduce the fear of making a mistake while speaking), it also strengthens communication, interaction and social skills of students. The second part of this text presents our empirical research used to validate MJT. The foundations of this analysis are video recording of role plays which students prepare throughout the classwork. The evaluation of particular role plays is more qualitative than quantitative: it is based on assessment criteria and assessment grids, the main keys for evaluation are fulfillment of role play instructions, success rate of information transfer with a partner, meeting of various communication competences. Each criterion is commented in a table and then scored.
3
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Míra cizineckého přízvuku v češtině polských mluvčích

80%
Veroňková J.
Bohemistyka
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2022
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issue 3
463-475
EN
The aim of the study is to try to find sound phenomena that can influence the assessment of the degree of foreign accent among Polish speakers in Czech. The material consists of samples of five native Polish male speakers, from which a perception test was compiled. The degree of foreign accent was assessed by two groups of native Czech speakers (from Bohemia and Ostrava region). Based on the results of the test and perceptual and acoustic analysis, phenomena were determined that could (with varying degrees of certainty) have an influence on the assessment of the foreign accent and which, on the contrary, were not reflected in the assessment. Both the phenomena of prosody, and the pronunciation of segments or their combinatorics contribute to a foreign accent.
CS
Cílem studie je pokusit se nalézt zvukové jevy, které mohou ovlivnit hodnocení míry cizineckého přízvuku u polských mluvčích v češtině. Materiál tvoří vzorky pěti mluvčích mužů s mateřštinou polštinou, z nichž byl sestaven percepční test. Míru cizineckého přízvuku hodnotily dvě skupiny rodilých posluchačů češtiny (z Čech a Ostravska). Na základě výsledků testu a poslechové a akustické analýzy byly určeny jevy, které mohly mít (s různou mírou jistoty) na hodnocení cizineckého přízvuku vliv a které se naopak v hodnocení neodrazily. K cizineckému přízvuku přispívají jak jevy souvislé řeči, tak výslovnost segmentů či jejich kombinatorika.
4
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K jednomu aspektu evropanství a světovosti češtiny

80%
Hrdlička M.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue Zvláštní číslo 2017
9-22
EN
This paper aims to commemorate, on the seven hundredth anniversary of the birth of Emperor Charles IV, significant milestones in the history of Czech language, to point toward the usage of Czech in the present day and to recognize the yet underutilized possibilities of onomasiological description of the spoken system of Czech as it relates to non-native speakers. This work would contribute to more effective teaching of Czech as a foreign language, especially for non-Slavic speakers. This paper is focused on (a) the presentation of significant language rules related to Czech and the role of Czech in communication (reminiscent of the Golden Bull of Charles IV, which established Czech as one of the official languages in the Holy Roman Empire). Next the paper examines (b) types of grammatical description (the synchronic and diachronic approach, as well as comparative, descriptive, prescriptive, or semasiological grammar) with emphasis on both general and specific qualities of pedagogical grammar (reduction and simplification of curriculum, the cyclical nature of grammatical interpretation, efforts toward understandability and learnability, application of curriculum, and pragmatism). Attention is then dedicated to (c) problematic explanations of Czech grammar in textbooks of Czech for foreigners (formalism, disproportionate attention to morphology and syntax, and similar issues). The paper concludes by considering (d) the advantages and possibilities of onomasiological description of the grammatical system of Czech, beginning with what languages have in common (the semantic dimension) and ending with how they differ (formal representation of meaning and the functions of communication). Onomasiology allows for the introduction of competing ways to express grammatical categories (varied frequency, stylistic connotation, among others). This method contributes to the effective interpretation of grammatical categories that do not have a parallel between the source and target languages. In regard to the methodology of this text, the analysis of scientific literature and textbook material is used, and the benefit of the onomasiological approach is hypothesized.
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