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EN
The issue of this article concerns the presumed creation and functioning of the commandery of the Templars in the territory of Łuków. The creation of the commandery was the result of the establishment of a bishopric in this area, which, in accordance with the political plans of the Duke of Cracow–Sandomierz Bolesław the Chaste, was to conduct a dynamic missionary action among the Yotvingians, Lithuanians and on the peripheries of the vast diocese of Cracow. The order, on the other hand, was to act as armed forces and at the same time a protective shield of the diocese. The article analyzes the text of the bull of Pope Alexander IV of February 1, 1257 primarily in terms of the presence of the order in Łuków. Attention was also paid to the circumstances and chronology of the arrival of the congregation at Krzna, the supposed range of the commandery, its size and the size of the granting. The conclusions emphasized that the fall of the bishopric meant the end of the Łuków commandery and the failure of the political plans of Prince Bolesław the Chaste. However, it is worth remembering that the prince wanted to build a counterweight for the Teutonic Knights on the border, which is why he used the help of another knightly order.
PL
Problematyka artykułu dotyczy przypuszczalnego powstania oraz funkcjonowania na terenie ziemi łukowskiej komandorii templariuszy. Utworzenie komandorii było wypadkową erygowania na tym terenie biskupstwa, które zgodnie z politycznymi planami księcia krakowsko–sandomierskiego Bolesława Wstydliwego miało prowadzić dynamiczną akcję misyjną wśród Jaćwingów, Litwinów oraz na peryferiach rozległej diecezji krakowskiej. Zakon natomiast miał pełnić rolę zbrojnego ramienia i zarazem tarczy ochronnej diecezji. Przeanalizowano tekst bulli papieża Aleksandra IV z 1 lutego 1257 r. przede wszystkim pod kątem obecności zakonu w Łukowie. Zwrócono również uwagę na okoliczności oraz chronologię przybycia zgromadzenia nad Krznę, przypuszczalny zasięg komandorii, jej liczebność i wielkość nadania. W wnioskach podkreślono, że upadek biskupstwa oznaczał koniec łukowskiej komandorii i fiasko politycznych planów księcia Bolesława Wstydliwego. Warto jednak pamiętać, że książę chciał budować na pograniczu przeciwwagę dla krzyżaków, dlatego skorzystał z pomocy innego zakonu rycerskiego.
EN
Archaeological research in the crypt of the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Łuków was conducted by the Institute of Archaeology of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. During the research, the crypt was cleared of contemporary rubbish, three trenches and two trial excavations were delineated. Additional wall and foundation reinforcements made in 1889 were discovered. Among other things, fragments of kontush belts, fabrics from grave robes and coffin upholstery were found, as well as metal (medals, crosses, coins), glass (ampoules, bottles, votive candles) and wooden objects (fragments of coffins, formwork posts).
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