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ŽIŽEKOVA KRITIKA LIBERÁLNEJ DEMOKRACIE

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Takáč P.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2012
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vol. 5
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issue 1
39 – 48
EN
By using lacanian notions Marxist philosopher Slavoj Žižek brings a new and creative critique of ideology in postmodern times. The author of this paper shows their usage on liberal democracy. He builds himself a retrospective image, a fantasy, how he got to this point. The liberal democracy gives him the feeling of freedom to choose. Even if he won´t participate, he has to confront himself with the superego imperative - the pressure of the societal and intersubjective demands. Which if aren´t fulfilled, he is becoming isolated from the group and feels guilty. That feeling of detachment forces him to get more involved. Because of these self-regulators, the subject is unable to identify the flaws of liberal democracy, and cannot step outside that ideology. Critique has to keep in mind that other past forms of democracy (e.g. Athenian slave democracy) have put themselves into the position of non-ideology and build on it. Žižek also works with the Freudian concept of death drive, i.e. a human capacity, which concentrates itself on the core of an ideological system holding it together.
2

ENVY, CORRUPTION AND ‘HARD RACISM’: STUDYING ANTIGYPSYISM AS AN IDEOLOGICAL FANTASY

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Walach V.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 4
324 – 339
EN
Antigypsyism has been frequently said to be a racist ideology. However, although some studies have engaged with the ‘racist’ component of the thesis, almost no work has been done in terms of specifying what ideology is and how a certain conception of it can enhance the understanding of antigypsyism both as a concept and empirical phenomenon. This paper explores the potential of the Lacanian theory of ideology as exemplified by Slavoj Žižek for developing antigypsyism research. Overcoming the problem of false consciousness, Žižek’s conception offers an analytical framework that allows re-examining and elaborating on certain issues from the perspective which weaves social and psychic realities without falling into the traps of psychological reductionism. To illustrate this, this paper presents a Žižekian analysis of three issues that correspond to different aspects of the antigypsyist phenomenon identified via ethnographic research among the non-Roma inhabitants of a declining neighbourhood with a significant Roma presence in Czechia. The issues are called envy, corruption and ‘hard racism’.
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