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EN
The article deals with the semantic paradigm of phraseological units that are used in Slavic languages. Paradigmatic relations in the sphere of phraseology are: phraseological units of synonymous and antonymic character, variance, polysemy, classification by semantic cohesion of components. Our attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the manifestation of synonymy and variance, since these phenomena did not find a systematic and comprehensive description in Belarusian linguistics in relation to the phraseological units of the Slavic languages. Different views on the definition of the term “phraseological synonyms” are analyzed. The structure of the synonymic series of phraseological units is determined, types of synonyms among the analyzed linguistic units are characterized (absolute, semantic, stylistic, semantic-stylistic). The criteria for the selection of a dominant unit – idiom, which leads a synonymous series of phraseological units are proposed. The grammatical structure of phraseological synonyms is considered and, accordingly, single-structure and similar-structural units are singled out and described. Certain regularities in the manifestation of variability in the sphere of phraseology are revealed. The peculiarities and the degree of distribution of eight types of phraseological variation are singled out and characterized: lexical, accentual, phonetic, accent-phonetic, word-forming, morphological, constructive-quantitative, combined.
EN
Ottoponimic names of Grodno region recorded in the business documents of the old Belarusian period are investigated in this article. The main attention is paid to ottoponimic adjectives included in the names of administrative-territorial units, settlements of various types, natural objects, governmental institutions, names of people by place of residence, etc. Depending on the nature of the derivative bases, some groups of ottoponimic names are distinguished: otoykonimic, oturbonimic, otgidronimic derivatives; these groups are analyzed according to their ability to be combined with different appellatives. Authentic Belarusian phonetic features reflected in the names are revealed and special attention is drawn to the influence of the Polish language on the formation of the toponymic space in Grodno region. The reasons for variability of the onims on the spelling and phonetic levels are discussed, and the interconnection between names and kataykonims is traced.
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