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PL
P owstanie Niezależnego Samorządnego Związku Zawodowego „Solidarność” po fali strajków na Wybrzeżu w sierpniu 1980 r. spowodowało polaryzację w Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej. Artykuł przedstawia stosunek redakcji krakowskiego dziennika PZPR, „Gazety Krakowskiej” (do 31 grudnia 1980 r. – „Gazety Południowej”) do „Solidarności” od września 1980 r. (tj. zakończenia strajków na Wybrzeżu) do 13 grudnia 1981 r. (wprowadzenia stanu wojennego). Zawiera też opis podziału w par- tii. Na podstawie krytycznej analizy źródeł autor wyróżnił kilka problemów: poparcie dla działań „Solidarności”, promowanie umiarkowanego nurtu w NSZZ „Solidarność”, chęć mediacji pomiędzy PZPR a „Solidarnością” oraz nawoływanie do odejścia od możliwości konfrontacji siłowej z obu stron. W artykule została także przedstawiona krytyka działaczy partyjnych wobec stosunku „Gazety Krakowskiej” do „Solidarności”. Główne źródło do badań stanowią artykuły prasowe publikowane na łamach „Gazety Krakowskiej” od września 1980 r. do grudnia 1981 r. Ponadto artykuł oparty został na aktach przechowywanych w Archiwum Narodowym w Krakowie oraz Archiwum Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Krakowie. Autor przeprowadził również rozmowy z Jerzym Sadeckim i Zbigniewem Reguckim.
EN
T he emergence of the Independent and Self-Governing “Solidarity” Trade Union fol- lowing a wave of strikes on the Polish coast in August 1980 polarized the Polish United Workers’ Party. The article discusses the attitude of the editorial board of the Cracow magazine of the PUWP “Gazeta Krakowska” (“Gazeta Południowa” until 31 December 1980) towards “Solidarity” in the period from September 1980 (i.e. the end of the stri- kes on the coast) until 13 December 1981) (i.e. the introduction of martial law). It also describes divisions within the Party. Based on a critical analysis of source evidence, the author specifies several problems: support for “Solidarity’s” operations, the promotion of a moderate stream within the ISGTU “Solidarity”, the intention to mediate between the PUWP and “Solidarity” and the appeal to both parties to refrain from engaging in a power struggle. Furthermore, the article presents the critical opinions of party acti- vists about the approach of “Gazety Krakowska” toward the “Solidarity” movement. Research was mainly based on press articles published by “Gazeta Krakowska” during the period from September 1980 until December 1981. The article was additionally based on the files stored by the National Archive in Cracow and by the Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance in Cracow. The author also interviewed Jerzy Sadecki and Zbigniew Regucki.
Sowiniec
|
2013
|
issue 43
103-116
EN
The murder of priest Jerzy Popiełuszko, perpetrated by the officers of the Security Service [Służba Bezpieczeństwa], had far-reaching social and political consequences in the People’s Republic of Poland. The perpetrators’ trial was of equal importance. The trial was staged by the communist authorities in such a way that those who commissioned the murder could not be traced. The article aims at analysing, on a few examples, how the priest Popieluszko’s murder was received and what the far-reaching repercussions were, from the perspective of opinions by selected people from the Krakow region. The intentions of the Krakow Committee of the PZPR’s authorities who worked to ‘cover up the Popieluszko case’, as stated in one of the acts, are presented on the basis of selected archives. The first part of the article presents examples of the society’s reactions to the kidnapping and assassination of ‘Solidarity’s’ chaplain and the progress of his killers’ trial, the information gathered among the residents of the province by the order of the communist authorities. The second part of the article contains a brief analysis of the selected texts published in “Gazeta Krakowska”, associated with the aforementioned issue. The majority of these texts were submitted from the head office of the PZPR via the Polish Press Agency [PAP]; they were also statements made by Jerzy Urban, the communist government spokesperson. However, the editors of this party-endorsed daily newspaper also had their own ‘original’ contribution to propaganda attacks directed against priest J. Popieluszko (the articles by Stanislaw Stanuch).
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Po zagładzie Rzeczypospolitej

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EN
In his review Kazimierz Maciąg analyses a three-volume study by Piotr Żbikowski on the Polish language press “for the Poles” published in the three partitions in the period between the loss of independence and the entry of Napoleon’s army on Polish soil (Pod rządami Franciszka Habsburga – cesarza Austrii; W monarchii pruskiej; W imperium carów). The books by this eminent scholar of literature from the end of the 18th to the first decades of the 19th c. depict an extremely interesting panorama of the life of Polish people in the first decade after the partitions. We shall find in them not only an outline of the political situation, but also remarks on economic life, education and cultural changes on Polish soil. The documentary value of Piotr Żbikowski’s study is no less important as we shall find numerous examples illustrating the life of the three monarchs’ new subjects.
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