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EN
In her paper Hagiografie v 10. a 11. Století, Marie Bláhová of Charles University in Prague examines the early history of the development of this genre. First, she discusses what hagiography is and when and under what circumstances this branch of the Latin literature was born. The author points out to the ancient roots of hagiography (the second century). Next to the history and the causes of the emergence of hagiography, the paper presents the development of its forms and changes in the choice of types of holiness, which could be included in such works since the late antiquity until the eleventh century. Marie Bláhová has presented readers with a wide panorama of centers and individuals distinguished in creating and rewriting hagiographic literature, noting their role at the time of birth of a given work and its subsequent dissemination. This panorama is made up of activities of both various centers and literary circles in older Europe, i.e., Empire, England, France, Italy, and in Central Europe, namely Hungary, Czech and Poland.
PL
Jednym z  pierwszych pomników historii Polski jest relacja Ibrahima Ibn Jakuba, kupca żydowskiego, tzw. radnity (ar-rādhānīja). Wśród wielu informacji przekazanych przez relację Ibrahima Ibn Jakuba znajdują się informacje o prawnych zobowiązaniach księcia Mieszka I wobec swojego wojska: Daje on tym mężom odzież, konie, broń i wszystko, czego potrzebują. A gdy jednemu z nich urodzi się dziecko, on [Mieszko] każe mu wypłacać żołd od chwili urodzenia. Tematem tego artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy władca Polan był w stanie sfinansować opisane przez Ibrahima Ibn Jakuba zobowiązania. W ciągu ostatnich 20 lat dzięki badaniom archeologicznym udowodniono, że na pograniczu obecnej Małopolski i Górnego Śląska w okresie wczesnego średniowiecza wydobywano, a następnie wytapiano z rud ołowiu z domieszką srebra – ołów i srebro. Był to ważny element ekonomicznej potęgi państwa pierwszych Piastów. W świetle źródeł historycznych i wciąż poszerzającego się spektrum nowych źródeł archeologicznych można przyjąć, że władcę kraju nad Wisłą w przededniu ukonstytuowania się wczesnośredniowiecznego państwa (czego prawnym potwierdzeniem w ówczesnym systemie europejskim był chrzest księcia w 966 r.) było stać na opisane w relacji obciążenia wobec najbliższej zbrojnej drużyny. W XI wieku Polska stała się ważnym wytwórcą srebra w Europie.
EN
One of the first monuments of the history of Poland is the account by Ibrahim Ibn Yaqub, a Jewish merchant, a so-called radhanite (ar-rādhānīyya), xe historical account of the history of Poland mentioned above originated from 10th century. Among the great amount of information handed over by Ibrahim Ibn Yaqub’s account there is data about Prince Mieszko I’slegal obligations toward his army. xe obligations were connected with obligation of army equipment for his warriors and with obligation of paying an amount of money to the parents of a child upon the latter’s birth. xe prince gives these men clothes, horses, weapons and everything they need. Prince Mieszko the First also when of these men (warriors) has a child, he [i.e. Mieszko] orders to pay a salary to this child since his birth. xe subject of this article will be an attempt to answer the question whether the ruler of the Polans was able to finance the obligations described by Ibrahim Ibn Yaqub. xe discovery during last 20 years of archaeological sites associated with the extraction and smelting of lead as well as of silver which was associated with lead ores and the co-occurring ores. xe chronology of the archaeological sites that were examined, associated with the extraction and smelting of lead (and silver) from the borderlands of Upper Silesia and Little Poland runs from the second half of the 11th c. and the turn of the 13th c. Research of lead pollutions in peat bogs yields even much earlier dating. It indicates that lead, and what follows, silver, began to be smelted already in the 9th century. In the light of historical accounts and the ever-increasing number of new archaeological sources one may assume that on the eve of the establishment of the early medieval state – of which the legal confirmation in the European system of that time was the baptism of the prince in 966 – the ruler of the Vistula state was capable of having his obligations toward his closest armed team described in the account.
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