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Umělecký vliv, jeho průkaznost a relevance : K typologii odkazů v beletrii 19. století

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Charypar M.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 5
668-695
EN
This study focuses on the issues surrounding artistic influence in high literature and the ways that the extent and relevance of this influence can be comprehended. It is loosely associated with intertextual and comparative examination of fiction and in this context it attempts to redefine and revive the little used concept of influence, working with the idea of the (literary) reference and distinguishing between the principle of the proximity of references, which examines the analogy between pretext and posttext, and the principle of the individuation of references, which reflects the innovative share of the poet or writer in the creative treatment of the pretext. The examples to which these hypotheses relate are taken from the literary reception of the Dvůr Králové and Zelená Hora manuscripts in 19th century Czech literature.
CS
Studie se zaměřuje na problematiku uměleckého vlivu v krásné literatuře a na způsoby postižení míry a relevance tohoto vlivu. Volně se přidružuje k intertextuálnímu a komparativnímu zkoumání beletrie a v tomto kontextu se pokouší redefinovat a znovu oživit nepříliš užívaný pojem vliv. Pracuje s pojmem (literárního) odkazu a rozlišuje mezi principem proximity odkazů, který zkoumá analogie mezi pretextem a posttextem, a principem individuace odkazů, který zohledňuje inovativní podíl básníka či spisovatele při tvůrčím nakládání s pretextem. Příklady, na nichž se tyto hypotézy dokládají, jsou brány z oblasti literární recepce Rukopisů královédvorského a zelenohorského v české literatuře 19. století.
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Zčeřená hladina - próza českého ideálního realismu : k vymezení literární poetiky

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Charypar M.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 3
308-336
EN
This study presents the outline of a possible definition of literary poetics in Czech fictional prose in the latter half of the 19th century. It is based on the outline conceived by Dalibor Tureček and his team (Parnassianism and Realism), but points out the inadequately treated issue of Realism and the division of Parnassianism into two more or less distinct areas, while considering the possible condensation of the conceptual space in question. It arrives at a definition of a new poetics – Ideal Realism, which it distinguishes from Parnassianism and (Analytical) Realism. The conclusion of the study then sketches out the opportunities offered by the context of foreign, particularly Central European, literatures and the context of other types of literature (poetry and drama). The entire text, conceived as a consideration of this specific segment of Czech literary history, is meant to be a discussion piece that needs to be subjected to more extensive criticism before its completion and application.
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Ideál v hávu dokumentarity: literární zdroje v Dětech čistého živého Terézy Novákové jako prostředek konstruování národní paměti

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Vrajová J.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 4
429-457
EN
This study offers a revised classification of the movements involved in Teréza Nováková’s work, with specific reference to the novel Děti čistého živého (Children of Pure Living Spirit). Reference is made to the literary-historical and period metanarrative, emphasizing the presence of the ideal in the author’s work, which, however, was somewhat sidelined in the historical context, so that with the passage of time, Nováková was categorized under documentary realism. In the context of recent literary-history debates over the term ideal realism, and making use of the reception at that time, we demonstrate the stylization techniques Nováková used to construct, through her acknowledged work with oral and written documents, a text referring to the idea of nation-building based on culturally accepted paradigms.
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Čas křtu a výběr jména novorozence ve venkovské společnosti 19. století

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Skořepová M.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2018
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vol. 105
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issue 2
199-218
EN
The essay deals with the issue of baptismal practice in the rural society in the 19th century based on the quantitative analysis of 7229 entries from the parish register of births of the market town of Nový Rychnov and four surrounding villages from 1800–1899. Attention is paid to the interval between the birth and the christening of a child, and to the popularity of names. During the whole century, children were baptized usually in one week after birth, but the interval was slowly prolonging. The day of birth often influenced the name of the child, the custom to christen according to the calendar was still vital. The list of frequently given names reflected the persisting popularity of certain baroque saints, but also new fashionable trends and patriotic sentiment.
CS
Předložený text se věnuje problematice křestní praxe ve venkovském prostředí 19. století na základě kvantitativní analýzy křestních matrik. Studováno bylo 7229 zápisů o křtech provedených v letech 1800–1899 v městečku Nový Rychnov a čtyřech okolních vsích ležících v oblasti Českomoravské vrchoviny. Pozornost se soustředí na otázku prodlevy mezi narozením dítěte a jeho křtem a problematiku obliby křestních jmen. Po celé století byly děti křtěny většinou do týdne po narození, přesto lze konstatovat, že se interval mezi porodem a křtem mírně prodlužoval. Den narození velmi často ovlivňoval i jméno dítěte, stále se udržoval zvyk pojmenovávat podle kalendáře. Výčet nejčastějších jmen odráží přetrvávající oblibu některých barokních světců, ale i pozvolna nastupující módní trendy a vlastenecké cítění.
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Otázky rukopisu Máchova Máje : k chystané kritické edici básně

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Charypar M.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 4
540-564
EN
This study deals with one of the key topics relating to the forthcoming critical edition of Mácha’s Máj in the Kritická hybridní edice (KHE, Critical Hybrid Series) library, i.e. issues surrounding the only preserved manuscript of Mácha’s poem. It not only provides an analysis of this manuscript, which was discovered eighty years after the poet’s death and has not yet been appropriately examined, but also compares it with other surviving sources of Máj — particularly the first printed edition from 1836, while attempting to determine its textological status. The forthcoming edition has helped to refute the hypothesis that the manuscript was meant for the censor. The overall character of the manuscript and an analysis of its linguistic and graphic divergences and similarities with the printed version indicate that the manscript was most probably not written until after the printed edition of the poem was published (in April 1836), most likely as a transcript of it made by the poet himself, who died that same year (in November 1836). Mácha’s personal papers also include a similar manuscript — a fragment of a diary from 1835 (R57), which was created by an identical recording technique, clearly from the same batch of paper as the manuscript of Máj, thus evidently playing a similar role. However, this study does not focus on the final published version, which will be the task of the proposed publication.
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Rok 1918 v průmětu rozvoje českého odborného názvosloví

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Šmejkalová M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2018
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vol. 101
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issue 5
268-285
EN
The year 1918 as reflected in the development of Czech terminology The objective of this article is to generally map the development of selected terminological nomenclatures with emphasis on the changes after 1918. We will outline the historical background on which the terminological work after 1918 was built, and illustrate the main terminological systems which were developed or stabilized after 1918. We will concentrate on the newly developing electro-technical, automobile, aircraft terminology and similar industries.
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Umělec v (pre)modernistickém smyslu: ohlas Máchova díla v literární publicistice po roce 1858

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Charypar M.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 5
571-604
EN
This study seeks an answer to the question when and how the Czech romantic K. H. Mácha (1810–1836) started to be seen as a “modern” poet who could inspire authors writing decades after his death. The study proves that the image of “modern” Mácha as the first Czech poet to achieve the autonomy of art already existed between 1860 and 1890, and that Mácha’s artistic reputation grew constantly throughout the second half of the 19th century. This argument is based on a vast amount of evidence, mostly taken from literary journalism and criticism between 1858 and 1910 (the latter year seeing the centenary of Mácha’s birth).
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Usedlost San Juan a její podoba a fungování v 60. až 80. letech 19. století. Příspěvek ke každodennímu životu německých kolonistů na jihu Chile ve druhé polovině 19. století

80%
Kohoutková K.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2022
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vol. 109
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issue 2
221-244
EN
The study deals with the San Juan farmstead near the town of La Unión in southern Chile. It was owned by R. A. Philippi, who was among the first generation of German colonists to settle in the southern territories of Chile. The management of the farmstead’s affairs was entrusted to custodians, and Julius Böhlendorf, the husband of Philippi’s daughter Ella, held this position from the 1870s. The Böhlendorfs lived on the estate for almost thirty years and managed its everyday operations. This study focuses on the period between the 1860s and the 1880s and the text is based on a thorough study and interpretation of archive records, particularly the diaries and letters of members of the Philippi and Böhlendorf families (stored in the Dirección Museológica de la Universidad Austral de Chile archive in Valdivia). The main aim of the work is to present and give a sense of the functioning of the farmstead and to show its structure and the kinds of work done there.
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„Český příběh“ o Robinsonu Crusoeovi v 19. století v kontextu tehdejší cestopisné literatury

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Hrabal J.
Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense
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2022
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vol. 19
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issue 40
46-64
EN
This study traces changes in 19th-century Czech retellings of Robinson Crusoe, from the Czech translations of German adaptations by Joachim Heinrich Campe, Gustav Adolf Gräbner, and Karl Rudolf Oskar Höcker, to the original Czech retellings by Pavel Josef Šulc, František Doucha, Jan V. Novák, Antonín Mojžíš, and others. This tradition is analysed in connection to changes in contemporary travel literature, with special attention to certain mutual coincidences: for example, the fact that travel literature, from early on, was influenced by such literary topoi as the shipwreck, life on a deserted island, encounter with the other, duels with pirates, etc. These topoi provided the frameworks and methods for writing travel literature; conversely, the stories of real journeys influenced the writing of novels. This mutual coincidence is not unique to Czech literary culture, as the author illustrates through the example of 18th-century adaptations of Robinson Crusoe in the British context. Specific to the 19th-century Czech tradition is a tendency to present the story as a ‘scientific type’ of travelogue, where the narrator serves as a kind of note-taking apparatus, providing expert explanatory notes, and in which the fictional story is set in a specific context (geographical, historical, cultural, or botanical-zoological) in its contemporary world.
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