Search results - CEJSH

1

Trampské osady v kontextu neformální architektury

100%

Pohunek J.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2018

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vol. 105

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issue 4

399-423

EN

This paper presents the issues of architectural and spatial development of tramp settlements and campsites during the 20th century, with an emphasis on how the use of these sites changed depending on the degree of their formal recognition. It places this type of sites and buildings into the wider context of informal architecture research, and also discusses how the official recognition of such sites was related to changes in ownership and privacy perception.

2

Kształtowanie księgozbiorów bibliotek publicznych na Dolnym Śląsku w okresie powojennym (do roku 1975)

100%

Szocki J.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

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2012

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vol. 10

107-123

EN

The article is concerned with the history of the public libraries of Lower Silesia in the postwar period. The upper time limit for the presented analysis and reports is the year 1975, when the administrative reform changed the territorial structure of the voivodeship libraries. Within the 30 years after the war, the libraries of Lower Silesia gathered a wide collection of both fiction and non-fiction books, as well as the documents of social life. The structure of the libraries collections was adjusted to the needs of the readers from the different regions of the country. Thanks to those virtues, public libraries had a chance to become an important element of their towns’ cultural system. Accommodation facilities allowed for active participation in education processes and served the development of the social life.

3

Funkcje społeczne „wrogiej propagandy pisanej” w latach 1965–1975 na przykładach z archiwum krakowskiej bezpieki

100%

Konieczna M.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

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2012

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vol. 10

124-138

EN

Many of the operational reports concerning so-called „enemy written propaganda” are still in the archives of the Cracow security forces. The most of such cases come from the late 1960s and early 1970s. The preserved materials are a testimony of the growth of the anticommunist opposition for bold actions in 1976 and later. Leaflets distribution, writing on the walls, sending anonymous letters were those spaces of freedom that were willingly cultivated by the defiant. The inscriptions were written on the walls, trains and trams, the leaflets were scattered in the streets, in the parks, dormitories, cafés, the anonymous letters were sent. The collected testimonies of the anonymous street slogans against communist government show how grand organisational problem they were for the officers of Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Rising social opposition soon resulted in strikes and riots in Radom and establishment of the first legal opposition

4

Má Bohéma. Meze a možnosti historikova soudu

100%

Hanuš J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2017

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vol. 9

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issue 2

72-80

EN

The study analyses the Czech Television series Bohéma from the perspective of a historian and draws attention to the issue of its genre with an unclear definition. The production follows on a thin boundary line between the trashy, fiction with a historical background, and a work of history, posing a challenge to a historian and asking questions about our relation to historical memory and its instrumentation.

5

WEGE DES GARTENGEDICHTS UND DER NATURLYRIK IM 20. JAHRHUNDERT

100%

Wolting M.

Germanica Wratislaviensia

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2011

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vol. 133

37-51

EN

The nature poetry of the 20th century contains illustrations of the natural elements, the daytimes and seasons, the plants, the garden, the colors and light, but also after the Second World War in the increased size the reflections, fears, moods, desires, beliefs, both political as well as social or ecological provenience.

6

Powrót MELiSa. Ideologizacja bibliotek publicznych w świetle dokumentów archiwalnych z lat 1956–1958

100%

Dróżdż A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

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2012

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vol. 10

139-150

PL

Niedługo po XX Zjeździe KPZR nastąpiły zmiany destalinizacyjne we wszystkich państwach „bloku socjalistycznego”. Biblioteki publiczne okaleczone akcjami oczyszczania księgozbiorów z dzieł podlegających natychmiastowemu usunięciu na próżno upominały się o ich zwrot w Centralnym Zarządzie Bibliotek Ministerstwa Kultury i Sztuki (pisma nr 1–4). Na początku 1958 roku bibliotekarzom rozesłano Wskazówki w sprawie postępowania z drukami zbędnymi (pismo nr 5), zabraniające pozbywania się podstawowych dzieł Marksa, Engelsa, Lenina i Stalina. Bibliotekarzy ponownie starano się wykorzystać w propagandowej grze prowadzonej przez ideologów Polski Ludowej ze społeczeństwem

7

K činnosti a aktivitám Stredo- a východoevropského výboru pri Európskom hnutiu v rokoch 1948–1953

100%

Švík P.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2014

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vol. 22

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issue 1

203-223

EN

Except for Vladimír Goněc’s studies on Hubert Ripka’s activities in the aftermath of the WWII or Jan Wszelaki’s group proposal for an Eastern European Schuman Plan, neither Czech nor Slovak historiography paid significant attention to the concepts of Central and Eastern European integration developed by the exile circles in the Western countries after 1945. A striking point here is that these plans, in most cases, did not originate from the respective national exile groups, but were rather a result of interplay between these. Furthermore, the mutual interchange had to be often managed from without by the “unbiased” mediators. These used to be the sympathetic Western politicians, political entrepreneurs or donors. At the end of 1940s and in early 1950s, the Central and Eastern European Commission of the European Movement was one of the most important platforms for such an interaction. While focusing on the Commission’s activities, this article outlines its institutional linkages and composition as well as draws attention to the plan of Central and Eastern European integration worked out within this body at the turn of 1950s.

8

Problémy socialistické modernizace hnacích vozidel ČSD 1945‒1980

100%

Kužel P.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2016

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vol. 24

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issue 1

253-267

EN

Although bold ideas at the end of the 1950s foreseeing the end of steam railway locomotion did not pan out, motorisation and electrification did become fundamental concepts of the generously conceived modernisation of Czechoslovak State Railways (ČSD) after the Second World War. Turbinisation, which was one of the alternatives to the programmes mentioned, was not taken forward. Mazutisation was more of a regressive – emergency – programme. Militarisation relating to the existence of power blocs reminds us still today of the division of the country into a north and south part, each covered by different electric locomotive systems. Locomotives manufactured by domestic industry, in particular Škoda Plzeň and Českomoravská-Kolben-Daněk (ĆKD) were unrivalled in East Europe from the 1950s to the 1980s, despite the lack of high quality material available, and were comparable to Western products in terms of quality. Not only are their newest models mainstays of railway transport within the Czech Republic and Slovakia, but many of the locomotives and railcars have only recently come out of operation, or are still being used, sometimes even after fifty or more years of service.

9

Schriftsteller in Anwaltsroben. Die literarische Rhetorik von Kazimiera Iłłakiewiczówna, Thomas Mann, Stanisława Przybyszewska und Jakob Wassermann in der Polemik um die Prozesse gegen Rita Gorgon und Philipp Halsmann

100%

Pilipowicz A.

Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia

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2013

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issue 21

69-84

EN

The paper is an attempt to show the humanism of the writers who, in various texts (letters, articles and poems), took stance on the issue of the trial of Rita Gorgon, who was accused of the murder of her employer’s daughter, and the trial of Philipp Halsmann, who was accused of the murder of his father. Since these murders had not been fully clarified, the accused were not considered unequivocally guilty by the writers, which was a starting point for the postulate to lodge an appeal against the sentence.

10

Wkład dwudziestolecia międzywojennego w ewolucję polszczyzny

100%

Woźniak E.

Poradnik Językowy

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2020

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vol. 775

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issue 6

7-21

EN

The object of this paper is the extent and dynamics of language changes in the interwar period. The rebirth of Poland in 1918 and the resulting sociopolitical and cultural transformations caused major changes in the use of Polish as compared to the period of the Partitions. The process of language unifi cation, in particular on the phonetic plane, accelerated in the new conditions. The interwar period set the language development directions as regards word formation, namely expansion of acronyms, use of surnames as the derivation basis, and creation of hybrid structures with prefi xes and other elements of foreign provenance. The interwar period’s contribution to the evolution of the Polish language is internationalisation of vocabulary on the one hand and its Polonisation on the other hand. The ground-breaking nature of the period 1918–1939 is evidenced also by the multiplication of the lexical resource of the language. The unappreciated role the interwar period played in the evolution of Polish needs to be verifi ed and exposed in the periodisation of the history of language.

11

Rola kobiet w akcji plebiscytowej na Warmii, Mazurach i Powiślu w 1920 roku

100%

Daniluk J.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

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2020

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issue 8

71-84

EN

The year 2020 marks 100 years since the plebiscite which decided about the belonging of Warmia, Mazury and Powiśle to Poland. The purpose of this article is to show women’s involvementin the plebiscite, both in the period immediately preceding it and throughout its duration. Their activity of selfless work for the homeland will be illustrated by means of diaries and press materials.The period prior to the 1920 plebiscite was probably the most difficult time for the inhabitants of these lands, caught up in a silent national, religious and social struggle. The role of the representativesof the Polish national movement during the plebiscite was the first manifestation of women’s involvement in the matters of Polish statehood.

12

Jewish public libraries in interwar Poland

100%

Biesaga M., Kisilowska M.

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi

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2019

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vol. Tom specjalny: Dla Niepodległej / Special Issue: For an Independent Poland

153-167

EN

This article presents the genesis and the organizational structure of the Jewish public libraries (also referred to as secular or modern in the literature) in interwar Poland (1918-1939). The origins of these institutions date back to the 19th century and are associated with the Haskalah movement. Due to the strong opposition of the Orthodox Jews and local authorities, the majority of the first libraries were established secretly and run illegally on private premises. Against what were then the odds, progress prevailed and the libraries flourished in the interwar period. In 1937 it was estimated that there were approximately 1,000 Jewish public libraries in Poland.

13

Dyplomacja PRL wobec kryzysu karaibskiego w 1962 roku

89%

Kieć K.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2020

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issue 106

157-189

EN

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the head of Polish diplomacy at that time, Adam Rapacki, considered the Caribbean Crisis to be extremely dangerous for Poland. It was due to the fact that Warsaw maintained good economic relations with Washington. Since establishing diplomatic relations with Havana, relations between the Polish People’s Republic (PPR) and Cuba had developed slowly. From 1960, PPR was forced to help Cuba, while not drawing any benefits from exchange trade. Larger commitment to improve relations with Castro’s regimes was forced by Moscow. Poland was the last member of Eastern Bloc to establish relations with Havana. The United States of America reacted to these events in an extremely nervous manner. The administration of President John Kennedy threatened to cancel economic cessions granted to Poland. In this context, Adam Rapacki’s visit to Havana in June 1961 seemed provocative from the USA point of view. British diplomacy, however, interpreted the Polish minister’s speech at the University of Havana differently and maintained that Rapacki was careful not to offend the United States of America. Moreover, the Foreign Office believed that he was forced to make this foreign visit. When the Cuban Missile Crisis began, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs tried to avoid any actions that could be seen as provocative by U.S. Navy forces, conducting a naval blockade of the island. The USSR did not inform its allies about the plan of placing the missiles on Cuba, which testified to the lack of sovereignty of the PPR and other Eastern Bloc states. The Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not make any active moves regarding the crisis, but still tried to obtain the most reliable information on the events. The most informed person was PPR’s ambassador in Washington, while those in Havana and Moscow had incomplete data. In addition, after the biggest threat of the outbreak of thermonuclear war has passed, it was the PPR that provided information about Fidel Castro’s critique of Moscow’s position towards the crisis.

PL

Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych oraz ówczesny szef polskiej dyplomacji Adam Rapacki uważali kryzys karaibski za niezwykle groźny dla Polski. Wynikało to z faktu, że Warszawa utrzymywała dobre relacje gospodarcze z Waszyngtonem. Od czasu nawiązania relacji dyplomatycznych z Hawaną stosunki między PRL a Kubą rozwijały się wolno. Od 1960 r. PRL była zmuszona okazywać pomoc Kubie i nie czerpała zysków z wymiany handlowej. Szersze zaangażowanie na rzecz poprawy stosunków z reżimem Castro było wymuszone przez Moskwę. Polska jako członek bloku wschodniego nawiązała relacje z Hawaną najpóźniej ze wszystkich krajów wchodzących w jego skład. Na wspomniane ruchy Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki zareagowały w sposób niezwykle nerwowy. Administracja prezydenta Johna Kennedy’ego groziła cofnięciem cesji gospodarczych udzielonych Polsce. W tym kontekście wizyta Adama Rapackiego w Hawanie w czerwcu 1961 r. wydawała się z punktu widzenia USA prowokacyjna. Inaczej wystąpienie polskiego ministra odebrali brytyjscy dyplomaci, którzy utrzymywali, że podczas przemówienia na Uniwersytecie w Hawanie Rapacki starał się nie obrażać Stanów Zjednoczonych. Dodatkowo Foreign Office uważało, że został on zmuszony do złożenia owej wizyty zagranicznej. W momencie, gdy rozpoczął się kryzys rakietowy na Kubie, polskie MSZ starało się za wszelką cenę uniknąć działań, które mogły zostać odebrane jako prowokacja przez siły US Navy, prowadzące morską blokadę wyspy. O zamiarach dotyczących rozmieszczenia pocisków atomowych na Kubie ZSRR nie poinformowało swoich sojuszników, co świadczyło o braku suwerenności PRL oraz innych państw bloku wschodniego. MSZ nie podejmowało żadnych aktywnych ruchów w tej kwestii, ale starało się pozyskać najbardziej wiarygodne informacje na temat rozgrywających się zdarzeń. Najlepiej poinformowany był ambasador PRL w Waszyngtonie, a jego odpowiednicy w Hawanie i Moskwie mieli niekompletne dane. Dodatkowo, po ustaniu największego zagrożenia związanego z wybuchem wojny termonuklearnej, to PRL przekazywała informacje o krytyce Fidela Castro kierowanej wobec Moskwy, a dotyczącej kryzysu.

14

Circulatie van Nederlandstalig toneel in Tsjechië, 1898–1989

88%

Sedláčková L.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2018

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vol. 28

165-181

EN

This article deals with the circulation of Dutch and Flemish dramatic texts in the Czech lands between 1898 – when the first translation of a Dutch theatre play was probably published – and 1989 – the year of the Velvet Revolution, after which the cultural field changed radically. It is a fact that relatively few Dutch and Flemish plays have been translated into Czech. The same is true of the actual production of the plays in Czech translation: these were rather sporadic throughout the whole 20th century, except for several plays by Herman Heijermans which were staged quite regularly in the first decades of the 20th century. This article surveys the different periods of the 20th century and provides an outline of the development of the Czech reception of Dutch and Flemish drama, including a dramatic mystification during the World War II.

15

Století proměn v pohřbívání : Od církevního uložení do země ke zpopelnění bez obřadu

88%

Nešporová O.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2013

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vol. 100

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issue 2

183-204

EN

The changes in funeral practices in Czech society which occured during the 20th century were more significant than those that took place during the whole of the second millenium. Traditional Roman Catholic Christian funerals which were performed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are described as a starting point from which the focus moves to a study of the major changes which took place from then onwards.

16

Czech Sociology of Industrial Working Class Until 1948

88%

Janák, jr. D.

Central European Papers

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2014

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vol. 2

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issue 1

115-131

EN

The submitted study organizes the heterogeneous sociological production devoted to the issue of (not only) the industrial working class until 1948. The purpose of such organization of sociological reflection of that period is to show the position of the issue in Czech sociology, to ascertain the main pieces of knowledge on Czech working class before 1948 and to try to assess what from the production of that period can be used also in the current historical-sociological research. The text identifies and classifies the main thematic areas in which the issue of the working class was analysed: the largest consisted in life style research, followed by working class in context of social policy, political context of workers’ issue, issue of work as such and business sociology. We see analytical potential in the sociology of social types, developed by I.A. Bláha, sociologist, particularly in the interwar period.

17

Karaimové jako součást ruské emigrace v meziválečném Československu

88%

Kaleta P.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2014

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vol. 101

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issue 3

257-277

EN

This text analyzes the issue of the Karaim emigrants in Czechoslovakia, which has thus far been unknown in Czech scholarly circles. The Karaims arrived here in the context of the extensive Russian emigration at the beginning of the 1920s.

18

Fazy twórczości Henryka Hubertusa Jabłońskiego — propozycja klasyfikacji

88%

Szemiel M.

Aspekty Muzyki

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2012

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vol. 2

173-183

EN

The article is an attempt to divide Jabłoński’s output into phases according to Mieczysław Tomaszewski’s concept. In line with the assumptions of this concept, in the composer’s biography there are turning points and a return that defi ne his creative path. General characteristics of Jabłoński’s creative path can be divided into three phases. Stylistic caesurae of the phases become essential in pointing out the pivotal moments that defi ne the course of evolution of Jabłoński’s oeuvre. The path leads from the infl uence of neoclassical aesthetics in his early works, through the experience of aleatoric and sonoristic techniques of controlling the musical material, up to simplifi ed textures and stylistic features revolving around the sérénité climate. In the phases of the evolution of Jabłoński’s output presented here, specifi c features of his musical language are pointed out. These are connected with his individualistic approach to the issue of tonality. The composer developed and enriched his musical language, but only with such elements of new techniques that did not disturb the creative path he had taken earlier. His attempts to merge traditional forms with 20th-century compositional techniques only served the purpose of fi nding new timbres and sound qualities. The author of the article emphasises the importance of the melodic element in Jabłoński’s works, where expressivity and emotion are anchored in the expression of the romantic spirit of beauty.

19

Nové Dějiny Ruska ve 20. století jako inspirace i výzva

88%

Pešek J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2016

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vol. 114

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issue 3

735-755

EN

This review article discusses the main concepts and methodological approaches of the History of Russia in the 20th Century by Dietmar Neutatz which is presented as the history of repeated, radical attempts at modernising Russian society. In his book, rather than adhering to the more traditional political and economic history approaches, Neutatz presents the reader with a broader cultural history of Russian society. The author of this article regards this latter approach as a very significant stimulus for the writing of the history of national societies in general.

20

Moje školní roky v Ostravě (1957–1962)

88%

Nečas C.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2018

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vol. 9

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issue 1

100-104

EN

This memory-based text presents the recollections of noted Moravian historian Professor Ctibor Nečas (1933–2017) about his early professional career, which was intertwined with Ostrava. The temporal point of focus in the text is the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, when Nečas, then a fresh graduate of teaching studies, came to Ostrava. Here, after a brief career in secondary education, he assumed the position of research assistant in the Pedagogical Institute in Ostrava, where he worked until 1962. This is also the point at which the recollections of Professor Nečas end.

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