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Prezentace událostí 11. 9. 2001: Bush, bin Ládin a jiní v interakci

100%
Nekvapil J., Leudar I.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2006
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vol. 42
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issue 2
353-377
EN
This article focuses on how the actions of enemies are co-ordinated in and through the mass media. Using ethnomethodologically informed membership categorisation analysis, the authors establish links between the presentation of the September 2001 attacks on New York and Washington in the public addresses of George W. Bush, Osama bin Laden and Václav Havel. They find that all three distinguished between 'us' and 'them' in order to recruit allies and justify the continuation of violence. The us/them membership category pairs observed were 'defenders of civilisation' vs. 'terrorists' (Bush, Havel) and 'defenders of Islam' vs. 'infidel crusaders' (bin Laden). These category pairs were not separate but rather joined through shared incumbency and in contrastively coordinated formulations of the conflict. The authors show how the actions of enemies are synchronised in media dialogical networks, which provide a limited but the only means of communication.
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DO FAILED STATES REALLY BREED TERRORISTS? PROBLEM OF STATE FAILURE IN THE POST-9/11 E

88%
Spišiaková L.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
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2015
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vol. 19(19)
234-246
EN
The magnitude of the disaster of September 11, 2001 brought to bear a general recognition that terrorism is a global problem that required urgent attention. The response of the international community was a war on terror against murderous, oppressive, violent and hateful groups. Since then failed states have been considered as cradle and fertile grounds of terrorism, which threatens national as well as global security. This premise is based on the assertion that there is a direct link between failing states and international terrorism. However, the following text disputes this claim by using quantitative data and empirical research, and thus denies the whole concept of the war on terror leads by the USA and Great Britain.
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SÚ ZLYHÁVAJÚCE ŠTÁTY SKUTOČNÝM ZDROJOM TERORIZMU? PROBLEMATIKA SLABEJ ŠTÁTNOSTI V OBDOBÍ PO 9/11

88%
Spišiaková L.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
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2015
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vol. 19(19)
234-246
PL
Veľkosť katastrofy z 11. septembra 2001 priniesla všeobecné uznanie, že terorizmus je globálny problém, vyžadujúci si naliehavú pozornosť. Odpoveď medzinárodného spoločenstva bola vo forme boja proti teroru, a teda proti násilným, vražedným, despotickým a nenávistným skupinám. Zlyhávajúce štáty sú od tejto doby považované za kolísku a úrodnú pôdu terorizmu, ktorý ohrozuje národnú, ako aj globálnu bezpečnosť. Táto premisa je založená na tvrdení, že existuje priame prepojenie medzi zlyhávajúcimi štátmi a medzinárodným terorizmom. Avšak nasledujúci text na základe kvantitatívnych údajov a empirického výskumu popiera toto tvrdenie, a tým pádom aj celú koncepciu boja proti teroru vedeú USA a Veľkou Britániou.
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Transcending the reservation borders in Sherman Alexie’s work

71%
Bańka E.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2015
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vol. 63
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issue 11: Anglica
163-180
EN
The article analyzes the theme of transcending borders in the selected works by Sherman Alexie. In my analysis the borders are understood literally, as geopolitical constructs, as well as symbolically, as social, cultural, and racial lines that separate individuals, communities, and nations. It is in the presence of these borders that individuals’ world-view and self-perception are formed. The process of transcending the real and metaphorical reservation borders observable in Alexie’s work reflects his gradual distancing from Indian-centric and racially charged themes. Explored extensively in his early writing, the reservation represents Indian homeland, and is portrayed as a place which, although embraced as home by his Indian characters, entails also geographical and mental confinement. Yet Alexie’s post-2000 work demonstrates that he has expanded the borders of his fictional world. This change is manifested in the author’s progressive detachment from the reservation-centered themes, and his growing interest in the multiethnic American setting. Accordingly, his recent work centers on “a mental and emotional landscape” of human relations in American society.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie wybranych utworów literackich Shermana Alexie. W jego utworach proces redefiniowania pojęcia „domu” można przedstawić metaforycznie jako proces przekraczania granic rezerwatu. We wczesnej prozie Alexiego rezerwat to przestrzeń będąca jednocześnie domem i „więzieniem”, odseparowującym ludność indiańską od białej Ameryki. Natomiast utwory publikowane od roku 2000 dokumentują już istotną zmianę w tematyce twórczości pisarza. Podejmowane w nich tematy to przede wszystkim miejskie doświadczenie współczesnych, zasymilowanych Indian, poszukiwanie tożsamości i nowe określenie własnego miejsca w Ameryce. Doświadczenie wielokulturowej Ameryki prowadzi do kwestionowania własnej tożsamości przez bohaterów indiańskich i tym samym prowokuje pytania o „indiańskość” w XXI wieku. Słabnące (w późniejszej twórczości) zainteresowanie Alexiego problematyką rezerwatu można traktować symbolicznie jako początek procesu przekraczania granic, odrzucania kolonialnej idei rezerwatu jako ograniczającej wolność i rozwój kultur indiańskich. Alexie przedstawia wielokulturową, miejską Amerykę jako dom dla zasymilowanej, panindiańskiej społeczności, tym samym poszerzając granice swego powieściowego świata. Kwestionując rasowe, klasowe i kulturowe podziały we współczesnych społeczeństwach, Alexie wzywa do globalnej solidarności, niezbędnej dla przetrwania i rozwoju ludzkości.
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Znovu k 11. 9. 2001: Jak se „dělá historie“ v politickém diskurzu

63%
Nekvapil J., Leudar I.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2010
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vol. 46
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issue 4
619–642
EN
Drawing on ethnomethodology, this article addresses what participants do as ‘practical historians’ – how they use and produce history in and through their activities. Specifi cally, it studies how historical contingencies are built into antagonistic political talk and to what effect. To that end, the authors revisit three of their own papers, all of which analysed how the 9/11 attacks in the United States were represented. The authors reanalyse the texts focusing on how the protagonists in the confl ict (Bush, Blair and bin Laden) ‘did history’. The analysis reveals two related methods of ‘practicing history’: one is to situate contemporary events relative to historical antecedents and so provide them with history-contingent meanings; the other is to constrain the historical understanding of the events in future.
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The Turn to Precarity in Twenty-First Century Fiction

63%
Morrison J.
American, British and Canadian Studies Journal
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2014
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vol. 21
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issue 1
10-29
EN
Recent years have seen several attempts by writers and critics to understand the changed sensibility in post-9/11 fiction through a variety of new -isms. This essay explores this cultural shift in a different way, finding a ‘turn to precarity’ in twenty-first century fiction characterised by a renewal of interest in the flow and foreclosure of affect, the resurgence of questions about vulnerability and our relationships to the other, and a heightened awareness of the social dynamics of seeing. The essay draws these tendencies together via the work of Judith Butler in Frames of War, in an analysis of Trezza Azzopardi’s quasi-biographical study of precarious life, Remember Me.
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