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ROLE OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE IN METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMMING AND TARGETING APPROACH IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION IN 70-80s (Ukrainian title - below)

100%
Blazhevich N. O.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2009
|
issue 2
53-65
EN
(Title in Ukrainian - 'Rol' Academiyi Nauk Ukrainy v rozrobtsi metodolohiyi i realizatsii prohramno-tsilyovoho pidkhodu v upravlinni naukoyu i tekhnikoyu v 1970-1980-ti roky'). The paper contains a detailed review of the experience of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in elaborating and implementing programming and targeting approach in science & technology area. Reasons for addressing this approach in the USSR and relevant administrative arrangements, including participation of the science & technology administration, are discussed. Chronology of its implementation in the All-Union economy and the science & technology area (before 80s, 1981-1985) is shown by use of relevant factual and quantitative information. It is shown that the role of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in elaborating and implementing this approach was realized through its territorial (regional) scientific centers (TSC) (which main functions covered focusing of local researchers' and engineers' effort on finding solutions to enhance the production efficiency, whereas monitoring and control of relevant programs was with councils at regional, city and district party committees). Also, the role of Interbranch Science and Technology Complexes, created across the USSR at that time as S&T coordinators at branch (industry) level is shown. Good experience in elaborating and implementing programming and targeting approach at regional level in Ukraine is demonstrated by the example of the Western Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (AS), operating in the Western region of the Ukrainian SSR. By use of relevant statistical and descriptive information about practices of the AS it is proved that the above approach could be implemented as an effective method of S&T planning, although shortcomings also existed.
2

THE LEADING ROLE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE IN THE SYSTEM FOR TRAINING OF RESEARCH PERSONNEL WITH HIGHER QUALIFICATION (Veduschaya rol Natsyonalnoy Akademiyi Nauk Ukrainy v sisteme podgotovki nauchnykh kadrov vysshey kvalifikatsyi

86%
Lobanova L. S.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2010
|
issue 3
46-58
EN
Ukraine is positioned in the international research area as a country with recognized academic schools established mainly in the soviet period and two-level system of training and evaluation of research personnel, candidates of sciences and doctors of sciences. Post-graduate and post-doctoral courses still remain to be the maim forms of the training. A detailed account of post-graduate and post-doctoral training in Ukraine before and after the breakdown of the USSR is contained, with emphasizing the distinction between Ukraine and the West with respect to post-graduate and posts-doctoral training: while in the West it's located in universities, in Ukraine it's located in the Academy of Sciences and 'branch' research institutes. The analysis is made by use of the abundant statistical data on post-graduate and posts-doctoral training and R&D financing. Systemic threats to the quality of post-graduate and posts-doctoral training, appeared in the post-soviet Ukraine, are outlined. All of them are associated in a way with the degrading quality of post-graduate and posts-doctoral training in Ukraine HEEs, due to disparities between the small amounts of performed R&D and the increasing number of post-graduates there. However, this quality-specific problem doesn't exist in the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine. Quality-specific trends in Ukrainian HEEs and the NAS of Ukraine are proved statistically, which allows to position the NAS of Ukraine as the leader in post-graduate and post-doctoral training in Ukraine.
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