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Empirické přístupy v sociálně stratifikačním výzkumu vzdělanostních nerovností

100%
Katrnak T., Simonova N.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 44
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issue 4
725-744
EN
This article provides a look at the main turning points in research on educational inequalities, both at the level of the field's subject matter and its methodology. The text focuses on authors and concepts that in their time constituted a major innovation, significantly advancing analysis and knowledge in the field of research on educational inequalities. In the article the authors propose viewing researchers in the field of educational inequalities through the lens of their era and in relation to the major turning points between them, which can be identified in terms of subject matter and methodology, and even chronologically. The authors define three basic periods, and for each one present two key concepts. The first period is represented by the basic model of the stratification process and by the socio-psychological model. The second period is characterised by the concept of educational allocation and the theory of 'maximally maintained inequality' (MMI). Presented for the third period are the multinomial transition model and the theory of 'effectively maintained inequality' (EMI). Across these stages of development the authors highlight three of the cited concepts as ground-breaking methodological innovations (the basic model of the stratification process, the concept of educational allocation, and the multinomial transition model) and the other three as innovations in subject matter (interpretive), though closely tied to the advancement of quantitative methods used in the analysis of educational inequalities (the socio-psychological model and the MMI and EMI theories).
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Proměny v mezigeneračním přenosu dosaženého vzdělání v České republice v historické perspektivě

88%
Simonova N.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 2
291-314
EN
The aim of this article is to explain educational reproduction in the Czech Lands between 1906 and 2003 from the perspective of educational mobility. Mobility trends in the intergenerational transmission of educational status identified in an analysis are presented in the context of findings on odds ratios in education and in a historical context. The analysis is based on observations of the intergenerational transmission of educational status, i.e. educational mobility, in two educational transitions between three educational levels (lower secondary, upper secondary, and higher education). Mobility tables and their log-linear analysis are used to help explain what mobility processes shape the educational inequalities that have proved stable over the long term and also odds ratios between the main levels of education. The article helps fill in the gap in knowledge about the long-term development of the educational structure in the historical Czech Lands and Czechoslovakia and provides information about typical mobility trajectories and varying mobility patterns in periods before 1948, between 1948 and 1989, and after 1989. An understanding of these structural contexts helps clarify what occurred in the past and what is occurring now in the area of unequal access to education and to explain one of the main findings from the analysis - that in Czech society the transmission of a family's educational status from one generation to the next continuously follows the same patterns.
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