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EN
The perception of Poland in Germany is largely derivative of the image created in the media, including the most opinion-forming newspapers. It appears advisable in every respect to analyze their content from this angle. Using the example of “Die Welt”, the author seeks answers to the questions about what factors and events had a dominant impact on building the image of Poland in Germany in the early years of Poland’s EU membership. The analysis of the newspaper’s content made it possible to show what events and person played a crucial role in building Poland’s image in 2004-2006. The examined period covers the first two years after 1 May 2004, an extremely tumultuous period in Polish-German mutual relations. Far-reaching conflicts of interests are observable, concerning inter alia military cooperation with the US, the construction of the gas pipeline from Russia to Germany, problems of historical occurrences associated with the case of the so-called “expellees”, and, perhaps the most important issue: a clearly different vision of the future European Union. All these factors and a distinct cultural difference produced a sharp crisis in mutual relations at the end of the period in question. The author tried to indicate the factors that contributed to this and the reason while a clash was even inevitable. Many of the research questions outlined in the introductory part require further in-depth studies. However, the analysis of texts in “Die Welt” confirms that the most significant reason for such a sharp conflict was Warsaw’s undisguised aspirations to play an independent role in European policy, often against the stance of the previously leading member countries, which could not accept such a rapid emancipation.
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EN
The article presents the situation of Spain in the context of its accession to the European Communities in 1986. In the first part the changes and problems that accession caused in Spain are discussed. This is followed by discussion of the benefits gained by Spain within the EU's structural policy. In the last part of the article Spain is compared to the other member states of the EU. The comparison is based on eight socio-economic indicators for the period from Spain's accession to the Communities up to 2009.
EN
In this article, a comparison is made between economic and identity explanations of preferences toward EU membership in the Czech Republic. This research demonstrates that economics rather than identity is a more powerful explanation of public opinion on accession. With regard to economic explanations of public support for integration three models are examined - a winners and losers model, an international trade liberalisation model, and a foreign direct investment model. A comparison of these three models shows that support for accession was primarily based on attitudes toward foreign direct investment. Moreover, contemplating employment opportunities within the EU following accession was also an important factor. Contrary to previous research the empirical evidence presented in this article suggests that being a winner or loser in the post-communist transition process was not the strongest factor explaining popular support for membership. The results presented should not be taken to imply that instrumental rather than ideological or affect-based motivations determine general attitudes toward integration. On the specific question of vote choice in the accession referendum instrumental economic considerations were most important.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2011
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vol. 43
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issue 6
23 – 656
EN
This article examines the development of Czech and Slovak civil society during the Eastern enlargement. While EU accession has without doubt benefited the consolidation of democracy, the impact of the European Union is often overestimated. We support this argument by setting side by side EU actions to promote civil society in the candidate countries on the one hand, and the Czech and Slovak domestic policies on civil society development on the other. The empirical evidence suggests that contrary to what Europeanization literature may expect, Czech and Slovak civil society development during accession cannot be explained by EU actions alone. Domestic support proves to be the necessary condition for EU incentives to result in the development of civil society in candidate countries.
EN
The article expounds three visions of international relations within the triangle of Poland - Germany - the European Union present in contemporary Polish political thought in the period preceding Poland's accession to the EU. Supporters of the pro-accession-optimistic paradigm claimed that Poland and Germany share basic national interests so integrative structures create a platform for a more effective implementation of common goals. On the other hand, according to the pro-accession-pessimistic conception, processes of European integration are an antidote to an excessive expansion of German power, while Polish-German reconciliation should not overshadow the numerous hazards that ensue from Berlin's actual or hypothetical pursuit of a dominant position in Europe. In turn adherents of the anti-accession paradigm considered Poland's and Germany's interests to be objectively contradictory and viewed the European Union as an agency of Berlin's raison d'état.
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