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EN
Saint Albert the Great and Saint Thomas Aquinas, two excellent scholars of the Dominican Order in the 13th century, reflected on the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ using the analogy between human body and the body of the Church. They believed in the necessity of being a member of the body of the Church in order to achieve eternal salvation. Although they reaffirmed visible and institutional aspects, their idea of the Church extended beyond the limits of a visible body which could be precisely noted and defined within the time-space boundary. They emphasized the role of the Holy Spirit as the life source of the body of the Church, and communion with Christ in faith and charity as the condition of being a member of the body in full sense. Both recognized the possibility of belonging to the visible Church and at the same time of being excluded from the Mystical Body of the Church. Using the categories of the actual and potential membership in the Summa Theologiae III, q. 8, Aquinas gave the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ elasticity in a particular way.
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Od „anima in corpore“ k „anima forma corporis“

72%
Studia theologica
|
2004
|
vol. 6
|
issue 4
44-52
EN
The article deals with the concept of a human being with respect to its composition from soul and body. The discussion of this topic was very important and fruitful in the 13th century. It was stimulated by Aristotle's writings appearing at that time in Christian Europe. The article focuses on the most important 13th century authors who contributed to that discussion: Albert the Great, Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, and Latin averroists. During this discussion of soul and body, there was a shift from a platonic philosophical framework to an Aristotelian one. It also resulted in the Church doctrine of human soul.
EN
The medieval Christian philosophy was influenced by the translations of the writings by the ancient philosophers from Arabic into Latin. Among them was also 'Liber de causis' by Avicebron. In his commentary Albert the Great examines Avicebron's theory of universal matter and universal form, offering his own interpretation of the latter. The conclusions of the author's analysis of the Albert's commentary are as follows: 1. In Albert's commentary the theory of Avicebron is not represented adequately. 2. Albert's objections against Avicebron's theory are not identical with his approach to Platonism in general. 3. Dividing philosophers into two groups, Platonists and Aristotelians, as usually found in contemporary analyses, can not be applied when analyzing Albert's commentary, while the two approaches differ substantially.
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