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1

DÉMOKRITOS O PODSTATĚ DUŠE A JEJÍ SMRTI

100%
Myšička S.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2015
|
vol. 70
|
issue 2
107 – 118
XX
This paper deals with Democritus’ thoughts concerned with the life and death of human soul. Democritus was known for his materialist atomist doctrine, which had many implications for his investigations in the area of mind and soul. According to him, the soul is corporeal, i.e. it is a compound, consisting of atoms of specific (fiery) nature. Therefore, it is prone to destruction just like anything else existing in the universe. Soul must perish after the death of the body, because the material bounds holding the soul together are destroyed. Like Socrates, Democritus held the view that from a moral point of view the experience of death should not disturb us, because our death is insignificant for leading a good and happy life. Unlike Socrates, Democritus supported this view by the notion of soul as perishable entity, which is necessarily destroyed by dissolution after the death of body. By acknowledging this fact we might see quite plainly that it is us who control our life goals; this insight cannot be made clearer by any metaphysical or psychological theory.
2

SEXTOS EMPEIRIKOS: PROTI LOGIKOM ALEBO POZVANIE DO ANTICKÉHO SKEPTICIZMU

100%
Kalaš A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 3
252-269
EN
The paper gives an outline of the history of the ancient scepticism, underlining the position of Sextus Empiricus in the ancient philosophical thought. The author argues that in antiquity there was a continuous sceptical reflection on reality and human being. He presents the ancient scepticism as a continuous struggle towards eudaemonia, the ethical aim rarely present in scepticism's modern variations. The first Slovak translation of the several introductory chapters from Sextus Empiricus' 'Against the Logicians', which follows the paper, should serve as a textual evidence of the inferences made in the paper.
3

K NIEKTORÝM CHARAKTERISTIKÁM ANTICKEJ POLITICKEJ FILOZOFIE

88%
Buraj I.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
|
issue 3
270-279
EN
The contribution is intended to give an analysis of some key ideas of the ancient Greek political philosophy and their close relationships to the myths. The paper focuses on the problems of the past, holism, etatism, close connections between ethics and political thinking, etc. At the same time the author pays attention to the simplifications occurring in the interpretations of the subjects such as the individual and his autonomy and freedom.
4

Powstawanie pojęcia woli u Platona: boulesthai, boulesis i airesis w Hippiaszu Mniejszym

88%
Bizoń M.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2015
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vol. 43
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issue 2
41-74
EN
The article is an analysis of an early Platonic dialogue, the Hippias Minor, regarding the use of the concepts boulesthai, dynamis, and episteme. I argue that Plato constructs the dialogue on a three-fold structure (as opposed to the majority of scholars, who divide it into two parts). The aim of the elenchus and the three aporias found in it is to challenge the reductionist moral psychology of the Sophists (represented by Hippias), which does not distinguish between the concepts of act and motivation. I argue further that Socrates’ apparently fallacious reasoning, purportedly relying on an equivocation, is in fact logically sound, since the distinction between act and motivation does not yet exist. It is precisely the introduction of this distinction that is the aim of the Platonic Socrates in the dialogue. This goal, however, is not reached in the dialogue, which is typical of an aporetic dialogue. Yet, strong affinities between the reasoning of Socrates in the Hippias Minor and the Gorgias indicate that the earlier dialogue is the initial point for the development of Plato’s complex theory of moral action, which was put forward in the Gorgias.
5

OD ZOROASTRA K SOKRATOVI: VZŤAH ANTICKEJ FILOZOFIE A MÁGIE V 5. A 4. STOROČÍ PRED KRISTOM (II)

75%
Kalaš A., Škvrnda F.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2018
|
vol. 73
|
issue 3
212 – 223
EN
The second part of the study analyses Platoʼs ambivalent use of magical terminology. On the one hand, magic is a synonym for sophistry and trickery. On the other hand, the description of Socratesʼ seductive personality is conveyed in the same magical terms used in the description of sophistry. Further, we focus on the persuasive function of Platoʼs myths, which are explicitly described as magical. The epistemic value of philosophical myths is rather problematic: Plato himself refers to them as „noble lies“. Thus philosophy, as conveyed by Plato, is a noble brand of sophistry, operating through divine enchantments and spells. In the last part we show possible Zoroastrian influences in the Socratic thought tradition.
6

VÝSKUM BYZANTSKEJ FILOZOFIE A JEJ PRIENIKU NA VEĽKÚ MORAVU. PRI PRÍLEŽISTOSTI 1150. VÝROČIA PRÍCHODU SVÄTÝCH KONŠTANTÍNA (CYRILA) A METODA

75%
Zozuľak J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2013
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vol. 68
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issue 9
790 -799
EN
The importance of philosophical contribution of Byzantium has been strengthened after the World War II by V. Tatakis, professor of philosophy at the Aristotle University in Tessaloniki, Greece. His book La Philosophie Byzantine published in Paris in 1949 is considered a pioneer work in the field. It was also the first general introduction to Byzantine philosophy to appear. It brought the term “Byzantine philosophy” into academic field and was the first systematic work on Byzantine philosophy; it was a significant landmark from the international perspective of the later study of Byzantine philosophy. Before Tatakis’ book was published, neither Western, nor Greek historiography acknowledged the existence of the philosophical thinking in the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire, which lasted 11 centuries. The term “Byzantine philosophy” was officially introduced in 1975 as a name for the international research and study. The Byzantine philosophy is not explored sufficiently in Slovakia. This article wants to contribute to the study of Byzantine philosophy in Slovak academic milieu.
7

HOMÉR A PREDSÓKRATOVSKÉ MYSLENIE

63%
Kalaš A., Škvrnda F.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2014
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vol. 69
|
issue 10
813 – 823
EN
The paper questions the modern approach to ancient philosophy as a linear movement from mythos to logos. It analyses the circumstances of „the beginning“ of ancient philosophical thinking. It tempts to see the whole movement of the pre-Socratic philosophy as a literary undercurrent of the Homeric schools, the Homeridae. The allegorical interpretation of the Homeric poems is crucial for this type of argumentation. This interpretation goes back to their very origins. The emphasis is put on the resemblances between the cyclic eposes Ilias and Odyssey and early pre-Socratic philosophies, namely those of Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Pythagoras and the Milesian School. It is argued, that in physical and ethical conceptions of these philosophers, many traces of Homeric world-view can be unveiled. Therefore, it seems viable to suppose that some allegoric interpretations of Homer´s poems pre-existed as a theoretical background behind these philosophical theories.
8

OD ZOROASTRA K SÓKRATOVI: VZŤAH ANTICKEJ FILOZOFIE A MÁGIE V 5. A 4. STOROČÍ PRED KR. (I)

63%
Kalaš A., Škvrnda F.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2018
|
vol. 73
|
issue 2
85 – 96
EN
The first part of this study offers a contextual analysis of the terms mageia and goe-teia in the Greek literature of the 5th century B. C. These terms have obviously oriental, namely Persian origin. Consequently, the magical terminology of some of pre-Socratic philosophers is scrutinized. By textual analysis of Gorgias’ Encomium of Helen, Empedocles’ fragments, and various ancient reports on Pythagoras, an essential bond between „magic“ and „philosophy“ is established. These authors understood philosophy as a magical craft working primarily with verbal persuasion and alternation of emotions (Gorgias) that were part of a broader phenomenon including mysticism, eschatological beliefs (Empedocles) and oriental way of life (Pythagoras).
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