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1

RESULTS OF ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF OSTEOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM BELUSA

100%
Hloska L.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 1
109-111
EN
Sample of archaeofaunal material, in which domesticated animals (75.2%) prevailed over the wild ones (24.8%), had been analysed within the research at the excavated medieval settlement site from the 12th-13th centuries.
2

ARCHAEOZOOLOGY OF THE LATE ROMAN PERIOD SETTLEMENT AT VEĽKÉ ZÁLUŽIE IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DATA

88%
Bielichová Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 1
61 – 112
EN
The research on Roman period archaeozoology is rarely discussed in Slovakia. So far, data suggest the great importance of cattle and pigs in the meaty diet and the focus on exploitation of caprines for the secondary products such as wool and milk. During the 3rd and 4th c. AD, an increasing role of pigs in the subsistence has been noted at Germanic sites in the vicinity of Bratislava. The analysis of a small bone assemblage recovered during the rescue excavation of the Late Roman period settlement at Veľké Zálužie (Nitra district), offered a similar results. The taxa representation as well as the sex and age assessment attested the leading role of cattle (33.6 % by NISP) among the main meat suppliers. Balanced proportions of pig (15.3 %), caprines (13.4 %) and cervids (10 %) pointed out their minor, but not negligible importance of pork, lamb/mutton and venison in subsistence of the local Germanic peoples. Scarcely presented dog and horse bones provided no indices of butchery registered elsewhere in barbaric milieu (e.g. Veľký Meder). Bones of birds or fish were not found in the material either due to hand-recovery of analysed samples or restricted role within the diet. The calculated withers height of cattle (113.7 cm) and morphology of the horn-core showed that the local animals were small to medium sized with short horns. The simple tools made of worked animal bones/antlers offered the evidence on processing the pottery and/or leather or gaming. The partially preserved skeleton of a fawn red deer aged 3 – 4 months was found in one of the settlement pits.
3

ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE LATE ROMAN AND EARLY MIGRATION PERIOD SETTLEMENTS AT VRBOV AND LAZISKO (NORTHERN SLOVAKIA)

88%
Bielichová Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue suppl 2
301 – 315
EN
The aim of the contribution is to present the very first information on the animal remains from the North Carpathian Group unfortified settlements (4th – 5th c. AD) of northern Slovakia. Although the analysed sample size is small – 348 specimens in total – it sheds light on animal husbandry, hunting and the animal-based diet of these populations. Despite their different natural settings, the riverine settlement at Vrbov-Vrbovský lesík (Kežmarok distr.) and the hilltop settlement at Lazisko-Zvon (Liptovský Mikuláš distr.) showed the same dependence on domestic livestock with a focus on cattle (Bos taurus) and caprines (Ovis/Capra). The higher age-at-slaughter of both species suggested they were most probably of mixed utility, i.e. they produced meat, milk and wool. At both sites, pigs (Sus domesticus) occurred in low numbers. The butchered horse bones (Equus caballus) from Lazisko indicated that horse meat was occasionally consumed. Also results suggested that wild mammals played a negligible role in either subsistence terms or the economy. The find of a brown bear tooth from Lazisko, most probably an amulet, reflects the sporadic hunting activities that did take place.
4

ZVIERACIE KOSTI V ŽIAROVÝCH HROBOCH ZÁPADNEJ ENKLÁVY JUHOVÝCHODNÝCH POPOLNICOVÝCH POLÍ SO ZRETEĽOM NA LOKALITU RADZOVCE – MONOSA

75%
Mitáš V., Furmánek V.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2013
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vol. 17
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issue 2
3 – 20
EN
Following paper is focused on the occurrence of animal bones in the standard grave closed finds of the western enclave of the cultural complex of the southeastern urnfield cultures. The issue is elaborated with regard to the cremation burial ground of the Middle to Late Bronze Age in Radzovce, dist. Lučenec. It was excavated almost completely during the 20th century. With its 1334 unearthed graves it belongs to the largest necropolises of this period in Central Europe. In addition to human bones burnt, as well as unburnt animal bones were identified in 91 graves. Their occurrence is probably related to the specific practices of the burial rite - placing the portions of animal meat (food offerings/sacrificial gifts) either to a deceased on the pyre, or directly into the grave. To the validity of this interpretation similar archaeological finds indicate, as well as ancient and medieval written sources and ethnological observations of modern times. Analysed cattle, goat/sheep and pig bones are brought into the context with the inner chronology of the burial ground.
5
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ŠTÚDIA K ARCHEOZOOLÓGII VO VEĽKOM MEDERI

75%
Fabiš M., Bielichová Z.
Študijné zvesti
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2014
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issue 56
169 - 182
EN
The article presents first information from the archaeozoological analyses of the animal bone remains from Quadi settlement at Veľký Meder in the south-west Slovakia. It brings preliminary quantitative data on the representation of species and their importance for subsistence. Among 2546 identified specimens, domestic animals highly prevailed. The representation of economically prominent taxa suggests that cattle and small ruminants, such as sheep and goat, played the most important role in the diet and husbandry of the local Quadi population. Beef, mutton/kid has been complemented by pork and, on a small scale, by chicken. Moreover, incidental consumption of horse meat has been hypothesized in the village on the basis of few, but clear examples of butchery. Identified remains of donkey may be considered as the oldest proof of its occurrence in the territory of Slovakia. Their relatively high incidence raised the question regarding the existence of a mule or hinny in the village, which is possible due to a large portion of yet unidentifiable horse bones of intermediate size in the assemblage. On the other hand, the presence of domestic cat has been proved here without doubt. Similar to donkey, specimens from Veľký Meder, together with ones from Rusovce, Štúrovo, Malá nad Hronom and Beluša, belong to the oldest records of domestic cat in Slovakia. Its occurrence in the studied settlement supports the idea that keeping or breeding of donkey and cat by our Quadi most probably resulted from the commercial and political contacts with the Roman provinces. In addition to the above findings, the article also brings first glimpse on the appearance of local cattle and sheep and compares it with similar data from contemporaneous and precedent sites in the west Slovakia. It seems that Germanic sheep in its dimensions markedly oversize that of the Celts.
6

ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL FINDS FROM THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT IN BAJC (Archeozoologicke nalezy zo stredovekeho sidliska v Bajci)

75%
Miklikova Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 1
123-168
EN
This work aims to present preliminary data gathered by the archaeozoological analysis of unique faunal assemblage collected during archaeological excavation of the site at Bajc, location Medzi kanalmi, and on their basis, to shed more light on animal husbandry and hunting during the early middle Ages on the territory of south-west Slovakia. Partial goals of the study were to summarize the past research for the studied area and the period, to define assortment of animals that were kept by the local inhabitants and to investigate the relative importance of identified species in the subsistence and economy of the settlement of a rural character. On the basis of the assortment of wild animal taxa a possible reconstruction of the site's environment has been discussed. In addition to that, we focused on the demography in order to explore the management strategies and way of exploitation of domestic animals and on the skeletal element representation in the assemblage in order to answer the questions pertaining the amount and quality of locally consumed meat. In this regard diachronic changes have been investigated, in order to attest various trends observed and published previously by other scholars. Presented results suggested the importance of cattle and sheep in the animal husbandry, the increasing occurrence of horse and the low frequency of pig bones within the kitchen refuse of studied agrarian village. An obvious shift in the food preferences and herd management occurred during the 9th century, when earlier meat exploitation model in cattle and sheep changed more into the milk and secondary product oriented husbandry of the settlers.
7

Island, Pigs, and Hunting Places ....

75%
Guminski W.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2005
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vol. 53
27-51
EN
Some doubtful conclusions appearing from the Gautier paper concerning mammal bones of the Stone Age forager site Dudka in the N.E. Poland is discussed. The choice of particularly an island for yearly, seasonal encampment is argued as economically profitable - for fishing and hazelnut gathering, but ungulates hunting carried on the mainland. Traces of keeping semi-domesticated pigs on the island are searching mainly in palaeobotanical data. The controversial method for distinguishing domesticated mammals from their wild relatives is discussed. Some individual bones (of bison, horse, dog, and pig) are re-examining, because their correct identifications are important for the history of these species in the Polish Plain - time of occurrences, status in hunter-gatherer society including eventual local domestication.
8

CREMATION GRAVES FROM LA TÈNE PERIOD IN SLÁDKOVIČOVO

75%
Repka D., Styk M., Ölvecký R., Tábiová M., Šimunková K., Světlík I., Pachnerová Brabcová K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2023
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vol. 71
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issue 2
315 – 344
EN
The article discusses three La Tène cremation graves discovered in Sládkovičovo (SW Slovakia) during the construction of a new access road to family houses in the site Pri železnici/Malý Diosek. Burnt human remains were placed together with grave inventory in one or two concentrations in northern parts in grave pits. Human remains were in one of the graves (grave 1) in a vessel. Rich equipment in graves 2 and 3 consisting especially of parts of costume points to adult woman burials. The graves can be based on grave inventory and radiocarbon dating from animal bones to the Middle La Tène – LT C1 stage (LT C1a phase). The article presents the basic processing of anthropological material, the grave inventory included archaeozoological analysis of animal bones. Very important is analysis of the burial rite of graves.
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