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Pożegnanie twórcy logicyzmu i przyjaciela polskiej archeologii znad Sekwany Jean-Claude Gardin (1925-2013)

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Tabaczyński S., Zalewska A.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

2013

vol. 61

5-13

Jean- Claude Gardin (1925-2013) born and died in Paris, eminent investigator of the characteristics of humanistic knowledge, original in his concepts throughout his extremely extraordinary life, devoted himself primarily to archaeology. Gardin concentrated on the understanding of the mechanisms and basis of archaeological reasoning and creation of an infrastructure allowing the intensification of the dissemination and wider reception of results of archaeological investigations. The result was the logicist programme. This was a long term research programme which begun in France in the 1970s. Within that programme archaeological theory was conceived as “informational structures” which are composed of database and the descriptions of individual steps in the discourse, in the course of which an author moves form one collection of statements (declared or resulting from the course of argumentation) to the other. As the database was understood by Gardin i.e. a collection of declarations referring to subjects or phenomena in the external world and expressed in the form of the descriptions of the material from investigations or introduced in the course of argumentation serving to justify specific conclusions. The specific ‘bridge’ was connecting, on the one hand declarative statements referring to the database and, on the other hand, conclusions and hypotheses formulated by a given author. Archaeological reasoning may be constructed and read in two alternative ways, that is empirical – inductive (in the direction from the data to the conclusions) or hypothetical – deductive (in the direction from a hypothesis to the data). The principles and operations of the logistic programme were incorporated in practice in the ARKEOTEK project. This virtual platform is, in our opinion, an interesting practical-theoretical example worthy of careful analysis. In the framework of this project, publications could be more and wider available. It has as its aim the creation of networks and enabling collaboration between researchers scattered all over the world and engaged in studies concerning the technology, production and creation of material culture. Worth emphasizing is that in the framework adopted by ARKEOTEK the ‘copying’ of a narration takes places with the full preservation of its substantive and cognitive contents while at the same time modifying its form in accordance with the principles of logicist analysis. The ARKEOTEK project is more than just a digitalization and creation of a network of texts concerning technology. The idea of this project, in the opinion of Gardin, is not merely to create the content of virtual (Internet) library of texts in electronic form, which are accessed by a search facilitates based on keywords. The publication of the results of research in electronic form was treated by Gardin (and still is thus regarded by his eminent collaborators who are still engaged in this project – among whom we should mention at least Valentine Roux and Allan Gallay) as one of the tools facilitating a research milieu scattered across the world to collaborate in cumulative work and the publishing of the results of their research by means of a worldwide information network. In the opinion of the adherents of the logicist approach, this conception allows the verification of archaeological conclusions from both the formal and empirical points of view and the creation of conditions for and operational approach to investigations into the processes of archaeological reasoning. An interesting, and from our point of view important, aspect of the activities of J.-C. Gardin was his intellectual interaction with archaeology in Poland. Meetings with Polish archaeologists were a perfect continuation of the well-founded traditions of collaborations between the Polish and French archaeological milieus and especially decades of the collaboration between the Polish Academy of Sciences and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and École Pratique en Sciences Sociales. In the development of theoretical thought in Poland, the participation of Professor Gardin in the third volume of the collaborative work “Theory and practice of archaeological research” (1998) and in the volume “Archeologia w teorii i praktyce” (Archaeology in theory and practice) (2000) were of key importance. Professor Gardin also took part in the work of the Commission of the Anthropology of Prehistory and Middle ages (including writing an article for “Archaeologia Polona” on the relationships between archaeology, history and anthropology in 2006). Gardin’s inspirational considerations on the modeling functions of logicist analysis and its importance for the transfer of knowledge in the humanities, are still the subject of continuing theoretical reflection and a point of reference for the authors of many works. The loss of Professor Gardin will be, we are sure, long felt also by the Polish archaeological milieu.

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Pożegnanie twórcy logicyzmu i przyjaciela polskiej archeologii znad Sekwany Jean-Claude Gardin (1925-2013)