Paper reveals trends in the development of scientific and technological sphere in Ukraine for the period 2000 - 2008 years. The article investigates the scientific publications and applications activity in the scientific sphere in Ukraine. The performed analysis of changes in researchers by sector of science can help to identify imbalances between the publication and productivity of the application and the number of researchers of the scientific sphere in 2008.
The craftsmen guilds were an integral part of the municipal society in every free royal town and privileged landlord cities in the territory of present Slovakia as a part of the former Hungarian Kingdom during the Early Modern Period. The privileged town of Nitra was the property of local bishop and its burghers possessed a lot of privileges and rights. Most of them worked as artisans and therefore they associated themselves to the guilds for protection of their crafts. Craftsmen in Nitra made its production for the need of local inhabitants only. During the 16th and 17th centuries most of the artisans in Nitra got the rules of their guilds through the charts issued by bishop of Nitra as landlord. The bricklayers in Nitra and Nitra county established their guild on the 24 July 1724, when the Emperor and King Charles the Sixth (the Third) of Habsburg issued the royal privilege for them.
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