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Between History and Pseudohistory - the great Topic for Alexander the Great

100%
Moisieva-Gusheva J.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2005
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vol. 5
61-74
EN
The topic for Alexander the Great has been based upon myths, assumptions and fictions. The enigma for his existence is a fruitful space for creating different versions of historical and literary stories. In lack of documents and official facts, decisive role in creating of historical and literary topics, fiction plays the main role as well as erudition and the consequent logic of narration. In their own various hermeneutics both are directed towards hypothesis (as it is in science) or fictions (speaking in manner of literature). In this article through the personality of Alexander the Great the authoress points to the multiplicity of different interpretations for some events and persons as well as of postmodern extreme doubt in relation to the category of the truth. Using the knowledge of Karl Popper who destroyed historicism completely as a scientific view and method, the theses of Karen Stefan who considers that all scientific hypotheses have been based upon metaphors and those ones of Michel Foucault claiming that from the truth we show only one segment, the authoress emphasizes that history might to be used for different manipulations.
2

PREČO LEN (NUTNÉ) PRAVDY AKO PREDPOKLADY DEDUKTÍVNYCH ÚSUDKOV?

88%
Gahér F., Bielik L.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue suppl. 2
75 – 97
EN
The aim of the paper is to examine Tichý’s understanding of the term “assumption”. We show that Tichý distinguishes two approaches to inference: the one-dimensional view that treats inferences as a sequences of logical rules or axioms as well as hypotheses and their logical consequences; and the two-dimensional view specifying inference as a derivation of one entailment from (the set of) another entailment(s). It is claimed that Tichý is right in his critique of Meinong’s concept of assumption as ‘assertion without conviction’. Nevertheless, Tichý – in addition to his logical concept of assumption – uses, though unreflectively, also the epistemic concept of assumption. Henceforth, we claim that accepting Tichý’s rejection of the epistemic hypothetical assumptions we couldn’t use logic as an instrument for empirical knowledge enhancement. We believe, to the contrary, that the epistemic assumptions may become a basis for derivations and knowledge enhancement, even though they do not represent necessary truths.
3

PERCEIVED STYLE OF PUPIL LEADERSHIP IN TERMS OF THE X/Y THEORY IN RELATION TO SLOVAK TEACHERS’ SELF-ESTEEM

88%
Ďuricová L.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2020
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vol. 23
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issue 2
1 – 10
EN
The study addresses the correlations within the selected leadership model in the educational environment. The goal of the research study was to verify the relationship between the general self-esteem in Slovak teachers and their pupil leadership style in terms of D. McGregor’s theory. Besides teachers’ self-esteem, the study also addresses the concept of leadership and other contextual variables (age, length of teaching practice, school type, and managerial experience). The method of available selection was used to build the research sample of form teachers working at the secondary level of education. Two questionnaires were administered to collect data: The RSES/Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Halama & Bieščad, 2006) and The X/Y Leadership Style. The study has confirmed the assumed positive correlation between teachers’ general self-esteem and pupil/student leadership style in terms of the Y Theory. This result is consistent with other research results (e.g. Whitney, 1990; Matzler et al., 2015; Ďuricová & Šugereková, 2017), thus confirming the importance of leaders’ positive self-esteem.
4

ABSTRAKCIA, IDEALIZÁCIA A POUŽÍVANIE ARGUMENTOV

88%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 9
705 – 720
EN
The methods of abstraction and idealization are typically examined in connection with their applications in modelling and explanation. This paper investigates how the use of abstract and idealized models in arguments structures the process of argumentation. If a discussant uses an idealized model to justify a thesis, they also adopt an implicit or explicit attitude towards the idealizing assumptions it involves. The precise nature of this attitude determines the argumentation strategies available to the opponent. If the proponent views the assumptions as approximating the actual state of affairs, the opponent can request a de-idealization of the model. On the other hand, if the model is viewed as a non-Galilean idealization, or in a purely instrumental way, the opponent must challenge the relevance of the model with respect to the target system. However, as illustrated by the debate on minimum wage, even empirical evidence need not always provide a clear-cut resolution of the difference in opinion.
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