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1

AUTHORITIES, COMPOSITE LOYALTY AND PERSON INVOLVED IN EDUCATION (Autorytety, zlozona lojalnosc i podmiotowy udzial w edukacji)

100%
Rafal W.
Studia z Teorii Wychowania
|
2011
|
issue 2(3)
143-155
EN
The article shows a process of constituting the authority in the classroom from the perspective of student in contrast to the perspective of teachers and institutions. This process is called the composite loyalty. The presented research perspective can be used by theorists of school democratization and practitioners who deal with emancipatory education and education for democracy.
2
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AUTHORITY IN SOCIAL SCIENCES. REMARKS ON MAX WEBER'S AND JERZY SZACKI'S WORKS (Autorytet w naukach spolecznych. Uwagi poczynione w zwiazku z lektura dziel Maxa Webera i Jerzego Szackiego)

80%
Olbromski C.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2008
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vol. 34
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issue 2
111-122
EN
The idea of authority is one of the most important issues of Max Weber's thought, and yet this idea plays a very important role in Jerzy Szacki's works and sociological research. The author examines this concept in both cases. Some conceptual problems of authority in social sciences are discussed in the paper, in which the author assumes that the issue of authority is strictly connected with the problem of the objectivity/intersubjectivity of cognition in social sciences.
3
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Demokracja w pojęciu Kościoła prawosławnego

80%
Liantas G. M.
ELPIS
|
2012
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vol. 14
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issue 25-26
65-73
EN
Subject of this paper is the notion of “democracy” in understanding and practice of the Orthodox Church. Beginning with genesis of the term and its application in ancient Greece author of the paper presents similarities and differences between concepts of “democracy” and “conciliarity”. “Democracy” is a form of government in which people are the source of political authority which is executed by elected representatives and rules on behalf of a nation. However, organization of the Orthodox Church is not “democratic” in common understanding of the term. Every member of the Church has the same duties and carries on the same mission, but everything is based on equality of the Apostles to whom Christ has entrusted spreading of the Gospel and establishment of the Church. “Democracy” in life of the Orthodox Church bears a name of “conciliarity” (greek „συνοδικότης”) and it is lived in an unceasing community of all the Church members among themselves and their Divine Head mainly in the Mystery of Eucharist, the core of unity of the Church in Christ. Institution of conciliarity is not just a matter of Church administration or canon law but constitutes fundamental principle of ecclesiology. The fact of presence of the Holy Spirit and the Holy Trinity at each Council provides conciliarity with charismatic character. Organization of the Orthodox Church as ob-served in monastic community of Mount Athos, the world most ancient existing democracy, is set as an example for all social-political systems aiming to improve organization of society.
4
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POWER AND AUTHORITY - POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE (Wladza i autorytet - przywództwo polityczne w ujeciu antropologicznym)

80%
Dohnal W.
Lud
|
2009
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vol. 93
13-34
EN
The article describes leadership concepts developed in political anthropology from its very beginnings until modern times. The author tries to trace the history of anthropological reflection on political leadership and shows how its understanding in different theoretical orientation was changing. These changes are discussed against the background of socio-political transformations taking place in the Western world. The article presents the views of evolutionists, classical functionalist concepts of leadership and their subsequent modifications made by representatives of processualism and the theory of action as well as the concepts of power and authority developed by neo-evolutionists. The last part of the article addresses most recent studies on leadership in the post-colonial world and in pluralist Western societies. The history of anthropological studies on leadership shows how its understanding has evolved - from formal understanding, when leadership was perceived as a category identical to an exercise of power, to approaches in which leadership is understood as a dynamic structure, an aspect of social practice inseparably connected to other areas of culture such as kinship, power, prestige, religion, economics or law.
5
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DISPUTES OVER AUTHORITY BEFORE THE CONSTITUTIONAL TRIBUNAL (Spory kompetencyjne przed Trybunalem Konstytucyjnym)

80%
Sarnecki P.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2009
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issue 5(94)
9-22
EN
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 confers on the Constitutional Tribunal a new power, i.e. the power to settle disputes over authority between the central constitutional organs of the State. (Article189). There are many such bodies, but only those particularly specified in the Basic Law may apply for settlement of such dispute before the Constitutional Tribunal (Article 192). If any other constitutional organs have found themselves in a dispute over authority, they should refer to an authorized body to initiate a dispute for them. A more detailed regulation of the issues can be found in Articles 53 and 54 of the Constitutional Tribunal Act which distinguishes between two traditional models of dispute over authority, positive and negative ones. The author gives critical opinions on the above-mentioned provisions and strives to prove that these two structures are not adequate for all potential cases of disputes over authority arising under the Constitution. The omission of the question of validity of the acts already issued by those organs, which were considered inappropriate as a consequence of the settlement of the dispute, is a statutory loophole. Therefore, the author proposes establishing a new, complementary procedure for determining authority beyond the two classic models. This is because the said two procedures are designed to be applied when the dispute relates to bodies deciding on a particular case. The exercise of constitutional powers often does not involve decision-making. The proposed procedure would be applied by the Public Prosecutor General, provided that his/her function is separated from that of Minister of Justice..
6

SMALLOER STATE - A REFORM FAILED? ASSESSMENT REPORT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITIES IN HUNGARY

80%
Javor B., Nemeth K.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
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2007
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vol. 25
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issue 4
487-511
EN
The authors studied the performance of the Hungarian environmental authorities during its transformation period between 2003 and 2006. The effects of the changes and the parallel staff cuts were estimated through official data demands and interviews. The correspondence to the legal obligations in the publicity of information of public interest was also evaluated. According to our results, the Hungarian environmental institutions were underfinanced even before the reforms and needed considerable reinforcement. The structural transformation was unavoidable because of the EU's expectations and its conception could be successful. However, being unfinished, it resulted in an unclear structure of the authorities what made co-operation problematic for the official bodies. There is a lack of field knowledge and field presence of the authorities; its conditions were not ensured in the new system. Instead of being reinforced, staff cuts and a considerable reduction of financial resources were carried out at the authorities. As a result the level of their work decreased in the period studied, authorization became more and more permissive, controls and punitive sanctions got scarcer. Some areas (e.g. nature conservation) can represent their interest decreasingly in the new model. During the reforms there was no widespread monitoring and the ex post evaluation of the reforms by the government is totally missing. Also producing data for such an evaluation by the authorities could be problematic, because their reports are not made in a consistent structure and are incomparable. The same is the situation in the case of the publicity of the information of public interest, where correspondence to the legal obligations (e.g. Act on electronic publicity) is weak. Altogether, the authors propose the reinforcement of the financial and human resources, to clearly transfer all the authority functions to the new environmental authorities and to create a situation in the publicity of the information of public interest that meets the legal requirements.
7

Metropolia i metropolita w wymiarze prawnym – wczoraj i dziś (w dwudziestą rocznicę utworzenia Metropolii Białostockiej)

70%
Góralski W.
Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej
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2012
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vol. 11
121-140
EN
The subject of the thesis is the institution of a metropoly (a church district) and the authority governing the metropolitan territorial unit in the historical and legal perspective. After presenting the genesis and beginnings of forming of the metropoly in ancient times, the author describes its further, dynamic development in medieval decretals. Next, the author focuses on a reform carried out by the Trent Council (1545-1563) and analyses its reformation decretals. In the following part of the thesis the author discusses relevant provisions of the Canon Law of 1917. Finally, he reviews the directive of the Council of Vatican II (1962-1965) and provisions of the Canon Law of 1983, in which previous provi-sions have been largely simplii ed. Documents of the Holy See issued while this Canonic Law was in force (Exhortation of John Paul II Pastores gregis of 16 October 2003 and documents of the Directory of Congregation for Bishops Apostolorum successores of 22 February 2004) have also been considered.Having analysed provisions of the Canon Law of 1983 and the above successive documents regarding the metropoly and the oi ce of the metropolitan bishop over the ages, on one hand, a i delity to centuries-old tradition can be observed, but on the other hand, perceiving the institution of the metropoly in a more pastoral perspective meeting requirements of modern times.
8

NITRIANSKY BISKUP ANTON A NITRIANSKA DIECÉZNA SYNODA (1494)

70%
Jablonský D.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2020
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vol. 24
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issue 1
64 – 92
EN
Synodal activity usually required great organizational and diplomatic skills, theological knowledge, as well as a lot of patience and effort. These assumptions were also manifested by the Nitra Bishop Anton (1492-1500) through the Diocesan Synod of Nitra in 1494. Preserved synodal decrees point to a comprehensive grasp of the topics related to liturgical discipline and clergy discipline. A wide range of topics and their detailed elaboration speaks of the problems that currently plagued the Church towards the end of the Middle Ages. The course of the internal reform of the Diocese of Nitra, which was established by Bishop Anton through the synodal decrees, was so effective that these decrees were confirmed, extended and published in 1560 in Vienna by the Bishop of Nitra Pavol Abstemius Bornemisa (1557-1579). For the life and functioning of clerics and believers, Anton's initiative and effort was an important milestone, as the summoning of the Hungarian Synods in the Middle Ages and the Modern Age was not a matter of course.
9

OBČIANSKA NEPOSLUŠNOSŤ A DEMOKRACIA

70%
Ferencei L.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2015
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vol. 8
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issue 1
62 – 72
EN
The paper deals with the concept of civil disobedience and attempts to analyse it in the light of the works of Henry David Thoreau, Hannah Arendt and John Rawls, as well as other authors such as Ronald Dworkin or Phillip Dobler. The paper also explains the relationship between civil disobedience and other terms such as Max Weber’s three types of authority, legitimacy and the right to resistance. In its final section it seeks to find the meaning and purpose of civil disobedience for contemporary liberal democracy while trying to follow on in this perspective from the ideological heritage left to us by philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau.
10

PETER AKO POKORNÝ PASTIER V UČENÍ SV. AUGUSTÍNA

70%
Pigula J.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
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2016
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vol. 15
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issue 1
25 – 38
EN
The importance of Peter’s position among the apostles started to be increasingly recognized in church tradition in the Middle Ages through a focus on the primacy and authority of Peter and his followers. In the writings of Augustine we find some reflections on primacy, but they are not the major part of his thoughts about Peter. In this article attention is paid on selected writings and sermons where the bishop of Hippo presents Peter as the one to deny Christ at first and to be entrusted with the guidance of the church at last. Peter thus becomes the example of a shepherd. Shepherds in turn become images of Peter as an example for the church and individual Christians. Augustine’s thought originates in the writings of Ambrose, Hilarius, and Optatus, and this is also underlined in this contribution.
11
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CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF AUTHORITY: THE ATTITUDES OF YOUNG PEOPLE. A CASE STUDY

70%
Njegovan Ratkovič B., Vukadinovic M., Nešic Grubic L.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2011
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vol. 43
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issue 6
657 – 673
EN
This paper focuses on the socio-psychological dimension of authority as a cultural-integrative category. The results are presented of research into students’ perceptions of desirable, positive characteristics of authority, providing an insight into what constitutes the qualities of certain types of authority. The dynamic interplay among social norms, beliefs and perceptions of real life influence the students’ view of what authority is, as a role model, in Serbia today, still suffering the consequences of the disintegration of social norms. Six hundred and fifty-five students participated in the research project by filling in a questionnaire on the characteristics of authority. The results of factor analysis point to three relatively independent types of authority: charismatic, traditional and bureaucratic. The results are discussed in the context of changing authority rank in a transitional society like Serbia today, and the capability of particular types of authority to influence young people’s attitudes and behaviour.
12

BACKGROUND INSTITUTIONS ON THE VERGE OF TOTAL TRANSFORMATION

61%
Paphazi T., Rozgonyi T.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
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2007
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vol. 25
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issue 4419-465
EN
Recently the Committee for State Reform has earmarked also the system of the so-called background institutions maintained by ministries, taking tasks over from them or doing tasks commissioned by ministries during the course of the transformation of the set of governmental organisations. The paper attempts to outline and typify those organisations. It states that the problems attributed to the background institutions are mostly related to the structural traits of our political system, and partly to the specificities of the bureaucratic operation of the central organisations of public administration maintaining them. Presumably the planned management reforms would not be able to eliminate them either. It is the institutes engaged in research that are the most endangered among the background institutions, though they could perform several tasks that are needed, such as the impact study of legal norms.
13

DRAMA POLITIKY A OTÁZKA SPOLEČNÉHO DOBRA PODLE GASTONA FESSARDA

61%
Baroš J.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
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2023
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vol. 22
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issue 2
102 - 117
EN
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the category of common good. This has led many scholars to re-appropriate the paradigmatic conceptualizations of common good in the long history of this concept. This paper deals with a sophisticated analysis of common good proposed by the French theologian Gaston Fessard, whose ideas strongly influenced not only the French debates about this concept, but also Jorge Maria Bergoglio´s thought. These two authors share an emphasis on the dynamic character of common good, which can only be ultimately achieved by relating it to the Infinite. Their vision of (political) reality is dialectical; they emphasize antinomies and tensions omnipresent in human life. In the first part of my article, I focus on Fessard’s thematization of the dramatic character of political life and the dynamics of the emergence of political authority, whose main aim is to mediate the common good. The second part is dedicated to a thorough analysis of Fessard’s distinction between the content and form of the common good. Particularly, I pay attention to his understanding of liberalism and human rights. In the end, I show the uniqueness as well as the relevance of his philosophical analysis to contemporary issues.
14
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Posuny ve zdvořilostních strategiích v současné české společnosti

61%
Chejnová P.
Bohemistyka
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2013
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vol. 13
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issue 1
15 - 34
EN
The presented article deals with communicative and politeness strategies chosen by Czech native speakers. The method of the research was a discourse completion test; data collected in 2003 and 2011 were compared. Several situations (forms of addressing, thanks, apologies) were presented to the informants, their task was to write down a spontaneous reaction. In relation to Hofstede's dimensional model several observations were made: power index is getting smaller in formal communicative situations, the use od academic titles declines. There is a rising tendency to individualism and competition, speakers often violate modesty maxim, express their needs and emotions more openly. However, the low tolerance of uncertainty does not allow those tendencies to be manifest in formal situations where there is a great risk of face loss, in formal situations speakers prefer stereotypical formulas and chose indirect strategies.
15

MOC V ŠTRUKTÚRE MOCENSKÝCH VZŤAHOV

51%
Buraj I.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 5
417-427
EN
There is nothing like power in itself. What we can experience is only the particular forms and effects of the power relations. Similarly, there is no single and universal definition of power. The concept of power embodies its various relations and aspects, such as power relations, the relationships between power and institutions, government, influence, authority, coercion, violence, manipulation, freedom. Attention is paid to each of these relationships and aspects. Their interconnections and differences are shown as well.
16
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Władza i panowanie w prahistorii a zagadnienie interdyscyplinarności studiów archeologicznych

41%
Kadrow S.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
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2011
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vol. 6
11-54
EN
Author considers interdisciplinary nature of archaeological studies. The most outstanding scholars in the early stages of the development of archaeology as a scientific and academic discipline were mainly highly educated men with broad interests, combining knowledge of various sciences. For this reason they did not notice the problem of cooperation of archaeology and other disciplines. However, the progress of specialization in various disciplines during the twentieth century, has now led to a situation where the cooperation of the archaeologist with other scientific disciplines requires theoretical reflection. Archaeological studies of about power and authority, as well as social issues in prehistory, are usually based on analyses of burial rites. This is because all rituals provide a flow of meaning in culture, using in this case essential material things. Ritual is a symbolic and expressive aspect of behaviour that communicates social relations. Its role is particularly important in crisis situations as a means to cope with uncertainty. From the very beginning of the Eneolithic period in particular areas of Europe and the Near East we are able to identify material manifestations of various forms of increasing social hierarchy which were accompanied by different forms of authority and wielding of power. It seems that these processes were carried out under the umbrella of various kinds of ethos: hero (Mesopotamia), warrior-priest (Brittany), knight (west coast of the Black Sea), or warrior-herdsman (the Caucasus outskirts).
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