Autism spectrum disorders are developmental disorders which occur in 1 of 150 children. The higher frequency of diagnoses in relation to past decades is caused among others by evolution of the diagnostic process. In this work the authors describe the diagnostic process and instruments used during the assessment. Most of them are not used in Poland. Some, however, as the E-1 and E-2 forms, CARS and PEP-R were translated into Polish but none of them meets all the requirements of tests such as reliability, validity, objectivity, standardization and cultural adaptation.
Temperament is a significant factor influencing the course of development and behaviour of an individual. Some constellation of temperament traits or the extreme intensification of defined traits of temperament are perceived by parents as a source of difficulty that they experience while taking care of their children. This article presents a review of studies on the temperament of children with autism spectrum disorders, and the relationship between a child’s temperament and the stress experienced by parents. The relationship between temperamental characteristic and behavioural problems, as well as the connections between parenting stress, parent's behaviour towards a child and behaviour problems in a child, were taken into consideration.
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